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Chapter 8 – Groups

Chapter 8 – Groups. Part 1: March 20, 2012. Groups and Social Processes. Groups are 2 or more people who interact and perceive themselves as a unit/”us” More than just being physically together. Functions of Groups. Why join a group? Need for social interaction Roles within groups –

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Chapter 8 – Groups

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  1. Chapter 8 – Groups Part 1: March 20, 2012

  2. Groups and Social Processes • Groups are 2 or more people who interact and perceive themselves as a unit/”us” • More than just being physically together

  3. Functions of Groups • Why join a group? • Need for social interaction • Roles within groups – • Group cohesiveness -

  4. Presence of Others • Does presence of others (co-actors) even influence us? • Early research – what were the results? • What is social facilitation?

  5. 1) Physio arousal from others • 2) Dominant response • 3) Type of task influences performance • Zajonc’sresearch w/cockroaches: • Evaluation apprehension – how does it work?

  6. Social Loafing • Group members don’t pull their weight to help the group. • Rowing experiments – what were the results? • What is the role of accountability? • Best solution?

  7. Gender, Culture, and Social Loafing • Who slacks off the most? • ’93 review of 150 studies of social loafing • What were the results based on gender? • Results based on culture?

  8. Deindividuation • Relax normal constraints on behavior when in a crowd • What causes this? • 1) • 2) • Diener’s Halloween research – results?

  9. Group Performance • Process loss can reduce group perf. • How? • Brainstorming example –

  10. Group Polarization • Group discussion strengthens members’ initial attitudes  polarization • Typical Group Study: • What is the procedure/method? • Found ‘risky shift’ effect – what is it?

  11. Possible reasons for group polarization – • 1. Pooling of ideas - • 2. Social Comparison – what is the effect?

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