Thermo-mechanical activation (TMA) technology

1. Thermo-mechanical activation (TMA) technology

2. In the past several years we have invested a lot of knowledge and effort in development and use of this technology - thermo-mechanical activation (TMA) to create new natural products and strengthening of existing products efficacy. • It has been developed by using the activated particles of the Silica earth/Clinoptilolite and natural active substances.

3. Thermo-mechanical activation is a process based on the micronization of solid particles by using specially designed rotor system. Due to the particle collisions and friction at high speeds in very short time intervals, physical characteristics of the treated substance change substantially .

4. Since many biochemical processes are associated with the characteristics of the TMAC (thermo-mechanical activated Clinoptilolite) such as ion exchange, adsorption and catalysis, it can be successfully used for the purpose of the environmental protection, in biology, medicine, and in the pharmaceutical industry. • After the initial studies, which have been conducted on TMAC only, research efforts were further focused on the problems of the synthesis of TMAC and other natural and synthetic agents.

5. It has been shown that different types of natural active molecules can be successfully encapsulated within TMAC particles (“ship in bottle” effect). • Such encapsulated complexes are protected from oxidation, loss of catalytic characteristics and oxygen transport of bioactive natural substances. Thereby, their activity is retained and is almost identical to the free molecules. Saving of certain ions and molecules in the channels allow their widespread use, including slow release of natural active substances.

6. Benefits of Silica earth/Clinoptilolite products: • Have long-term chemical and biological stability • Reversibly bind small molecules such as oxygen and nitrogen oxide, • Have the ability to selectivity in terms of size and shape • “Offer” the possibility of the metal-enzymatic mimicry • Have immunomodulatory effects

7. Characteristics/Benefits of the TMA technology TMA technology offers the possibility to design and produce a new generation of innovative high performance products without toxic and other side effects based on natural active substances.

8. During TMA process there are significant changes in the biophysical properties of Silica earth/Clinoptilolite (TMAC) particles and also natural active molecules, such as:    • increase of active surface • dissociation of crystal water • augmentation of electrostatic charge,appearance of redundant partial free and/or free ions and • high potential for electron donation • biophysical effect of awide spectrum of natural and synthetic substances are substantially enhanced.

9. TMAC particles encapsulate the natural active molecules withintheir channels so they are protected from the: • oxidation, • loss of catalytic characteristic and • transport of oxygen. Saving of certain ions and molecules in the channels allow their long-term chemical and biological stability and slow release withalmost the same activity.

10. TMAC reversibly bind small molecules such as oxygen and nitrogen oxide, andby changing the shape and size • TMAC particles have the ability toselectively bind a certain type of molecules.

11. Transfer and delivery of medicines • Saving of certain ions and molecules in the channels allow their widespread use, including slow release of active drugs. • Many enzymes can be encapsulated in structure, and after release they retained almost the same activity • In USA is being developed using of Clinoptilolite as carrier of zinc or silver for treatment of skin acne or scar.

12. TMA technology • Thermo-mechanical activation is a process of fragmentation and micronization of solids which result with significant enhancement of reactive particle capability and increase of its energy level • Elevation of particle energy level is a result of electron, atom andmolecule • transfer form one particle crystal structure into another what disrupts the • continuity of crystal structure and thus creates electrostatic charge and weakens • electrostatic bond between crystal structures of particle. • The crystal structure deforms and damages on the surface andin the layers • directly bellow the surface. • Considering also the porous structure of the crystals and the effect of particles • size degradation to the micro and nano level, i.e. the growth of the active • surfaces, all necessary preconditions for the synergy of TMAC and other natural • and synthetic molecules in a substance with new properties are achieved.

13. TMA technology Housing consisting of removable sections, two counter-rotating rotors Independent drive to the rotors by electromotor  counter-rotating movement with the same angle speed Material is fed in by suction to thecentral part of the rotor system Material is accelerated by airflowgenerated by fans Particle acceleration changes direction at extremely short intervals (approx. 10-5 to 10-6 sec.)

14. Transfer and delivery of medicines Thermo-mechanical activation (TMA) is a newly developed micronizing method with special equipment (TMA designator) for improving reaction capacity levels. After processing, significant changes to the particles can be observed with regard: • size • surface characteristics • electrostatic charge • ion exchange capacity

15. Stages of micronising 2. Particles collide • Particles • are accelerated 3. Particles rebound - surface friction 5. Dynamic process continues 6. Crystal structure fragments 4. Dynamics cause pulverizing

16. Effect “ship in bottle” - Molecules are encapsulated in Silica earth/Clinoptilolite Encapsulated complexes are almost identical as free complexes. Encapsulation is protecting from lighting and loss of catalytically characteristic and transport of oxygen of bioactive natural substances.

17. Picture 1:The structure of Silica earth/Clinoptilolite, thanks to which, it has very useful properties such as ion exchange, dehydration, adsorption, catalysis.

18. LHC – Large Hadrons Collider

19. Physical – chemical characteristics of TMAC • The process of thermo-mechanical activation does not cause changes in the • chemical composition of natural mineral Clinoptilolite (determined by x-ray • analysis performed on samples before and after the activation) • However, thermo-mechanical activation modifies the physical-chemical • properties of natural Clinoptilolite to a significant degree • The most significant changes occur in the: • particle size, • active surface, • electro-static charge and • ion exchange capacity. • From the results of electrical conductivity measuring it can be concluded that • TMAC has greater ion exchange capacity than non-activated Clinoptilolite.

20. . TMA (Thermo-mechanical activation) - is based on process of disintegration of solid particles with a system of whirling acceleration, controlled friction and Collisions between particles of materials which are subject of process Ingredients: 1. Obtain new physical properties 2. Increase of the active surface 3. Increase the absorption, ion exchange and capacity 4. Electron transmission We can talk about an important change of the energystate of material

21. Safety of Silica earth/Clinoptilolite • In the USA the FDA classifies the substance as generally safe in the “Code of Federal Regulations, Foods and Drugs (FDA), 21 CFR CH.I, §182 Subpart C“ • Since the supplementary oral administration of Silica earth/Clinoptilolite to humans has already been taking place for 20 years long-term experience in handling the application of Silica earth/Clinoptilolite to humans per oral can be assumed. • In the gastrointestinal sector Silica earth/Clinoptilolite remains stable. • In the cito-toxicity test there was no biological, toxicological damage to the test cells.