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September 2010 cjp

Infectious Diseases: Resistant Organisms Presented by: APS Healthcare Southwestern PA Health Care Quality Unit (HCQU). September 2010 cjp. Disclaimer.

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September 2010 cjp

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  1. Infectious Diseases: Resistant OrganismsPresented by: APS HealthcareSouthwestern PA Health Care Quality Unit(HCQU) September 2010 cjp

  2. Disclaimer Information or education provided by the HCQU is not intended to replace medical advice from the consumer’s personal care physician, existing facility policy or federal, state and local regulations/codes within the agency jurisdiction. The information provided is not all inclusive of the topic presented. Certificates for training hours will only be awarded to those who attend a training in its entirety. Attendees are responsible for submitting paperwork to their respective agencies.

  3. Note of Clarification While mental retardation (MR) is still recognized as a clinical diagnosis, in an effort to support the work of self-advocates, the APS SW PA HCQU will be using the terms intellectual and/or developmental disability (ID/DD) to replace mental retardation (MR) when feasible.

  4. Objectives Upon completion of the session the participant will: Define antibiotic resistance Identify three common antibiotic resistant organisms Describe preventative measures to reduce spread of antibiotic resistant organisms

  5. Antibiotic Resistance Definition Organism (bacteria) able to resist antibiotic effects Bacteria survive Bacteria multiply and cause harm

  6. How Bacteria are Becoming Resistant Agricultural use of antibiotics Taking antibiotics for viral infections Improper use of antibiotics Not taking antibiotics as prescribed Taking antibiotics prescribed for someone else Taking antibiotics left over from previous illness

  7. Common Resistant Pathogens MRSA C Diff VRE ESBL E. Coli MDR TB Acinetobacter baumannii

  8. MRSA Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Type of Staph infection Resistant to certain antibiotics Methicillin Oxicillin Penicillin Amoxicillin Tetracycline

  9. MRSA: Signs and Symptoms Skin lesion – Red, swollen, painful (boil) Shortness of breath Fever Chills

  10. MRSA: Types and Transmission Healthcare Associated Infected while in the hospital setting Contaminated hands Community Associated Infected outside of the hospital setting Contaminated hands Close skin to skin contact

  11. MRSA: Treatment Drain abscess / boil Antibiotics after culture and sensitivity

  12. MRSA: Prevention Hand washing Standard precautions Protective equipment Private room Proper hygiene Clean environment Do not share personal items

  13. Clostridium difficile (C Diff) Bacteria normally found in the intestine Can multiply when taking antibiotics Opportunistic infection Causes diarrhea Resistant to Cipro, Levaquin and Clindamycin

  14. C Diff: Signs and Symptoms Mild to Moderate C Diff Diarrhea Mild cramping 3 or more episodes of watery diarrhea for 2 or more days Severe C Diff Diarrhea Severe cramping Weakness Dehydration Fever Nausea / vomiting Blood or pus in stool 10-15 episodes of watery diarrhea a day

  15. C Diff: Transmission Spore-forming bacteria Fecal-oral route

  16. C Diff: Treatment Tests Stool test Tissue culture Colon exam CT Scan Antibiotics Flagyl Vancomycin Probiotics Benefits still being researched Florastor Drink fluids Keep hydrated

  17. C Diff: Prevention Proper hand washing Standard precautions Thorough cleaning Prudent use of antibiotics

  18. Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus (VRE) Enterococci are bacteria present in Female genital tract Human intestines Vancomycin Strong antibiotic used to treat infections caused by enterococci Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus (VRE) Eneroccoci become resistant to vancomycin

  19. VRE Infections: Signs and Symptoms Urinary Tract Infections Burning sensation upon urination, urgency, fever Bloodstream infections Fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, fatigue Wounds Redness, swelling, drainage

  20. VRE: Transmission Direct contact Individual carrier

  21. VRE: Treatment Antibiotics other than Vancomycin Removal of urinary catheters

  22. VRE: Prevention Wear gloves Wash hands Keep environment clean

  23. Extended Spectrum Beta-lactamase producing E. coli(ESBL E. coli) Antibiotic resistant Foodborne illness Bacteria that lives in intestines of animals and humans

  24. ESBL E. coli: Signs and Symptoms Diarrhea Abdominal cramps Nausea / vomiting

  25. ESBL E. coli: Transmission Ingesting contaminated food Contaminated hands

  26. ESBL E. coli: Treatment Stool or urine sample to determine effective antibiotics

  27. ESBL E. Coli: Prevention Hand washing / hygiene Infection control Prudent use of antibiotics Proper food handling / consumption

  28. Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR TB) Infectious disease that usually attacks the lungs Can be found in any area of the body

  29. MDR TB: Signs and Symptoms General symptoms of TB Feelings of sickness / weakness Weight loss Fever Night sweats TB symptoms of the lungs Coughing Chest pain Coughing up blood

  30. MDR TB: Transmission Airborne

  31. MDR TB: Diagnosing Purified Protein Derivative (PPD) Skin Test Determines exposure, not disease Chest x-ray Indicated if PPD is positive Sputum tests Indicated if PPD is positive and signs and symptoms present

  32. MDR TB: Treatment Antibiotic choices vary according to type of TB infection

  33. MDR TB: Prevention Standard infection control Follow isolation policy for active cases of TB Be aware of signs and symptoms Appropriate testing

  34. Acinetobacter baumannii Bacteria commonly found in soil and water and on skin of healthy people Acinetobacter infections are most often found in healthcare settings Causes a variety of diseases Pneumonia Blood and wound infections

  35. Acinetobacter baumannii: Signs and Symptoms Pneumonia: Fever Chills Cough Blood and wound infections: Fever Chills

  36. Acinetobacter baumannii: Transmission Person-to-person contact Contaminated surfaces Environment

  37. Acinetobacter baumannii: Treatment Culture Antibiotics

  38. Acinetobacter infections: Prevention Hand Hygiene Clean environment

  39. How to Help Consult a physician Take medication as directed Use standard precautions

  40. References Questions & Answers: Sickness caused by E. coli (2006, December), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved March 15, 2010, from www.cdc.gov/ecoli/qa_ecoli_sickness.htm Drug-resistant Acinetobacter Infections in Healthcare Settings (2004, September), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved March 17, 2010, from www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dhqp/ar_acinetobacter.html Fact Sheet. Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculorsis (XDR TB) (2009, June), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved March 16, 2010, from www.cdc.gov/tb/publications/factsheets/drtb/xdrtb.htm Get Smart: Fast Facts About Antibiotic Resistance CDC. (2009, June), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved February 15, 2010, from www.cdc.gov/getsmart/antibiotic-use/fast-facts.html

  41. References VRE: Information for the Public About VRE (2008, April), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved March 15, 2010, from www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dhqp/ar_VRE_publicFAQ.html Get Smart: Antibiotic Resistance Questions and Answers (2009, June), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved March 13, 2010, from http://www.cdc.gov/getsmart/antibiotic-use/anitbiotic-resistance-faqs.html C. difficile, (2009, November), MayoClinic.com. Retrieved March 15, 2010, from www.mayoclinic.com/health/c-difficile/DS00736/METHOD=print

  42. To register for future trainings,orfor more information on this or any other physical or behavioral health topic, please visit our website at www.hcqu.apshealthcare.com

  43. EvaluationPlease take a few moments to complete the evaluation form found in the back of your packets.Thank You!

  44. Test ReviewThere will be a test review after all tests have been completed and turned in to the Instructor.

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