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Broad Pest Risk Analysis: Concept and Application

Broad Pest Risk Analysis: Concept and Application. Dr. Kenneth Lakin USDA, APHIS, PPQ Center for Plant Health Science and Technology Raleigh, North Carolina. The Facts of Life (for WTO Members).

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Broad Pest Risk Analysis: Concept and Application

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  1. Broad Pest Risk Analysis: Concept and Application Dr. Kenneth Lakin USDA, APHIS, PPQ Center for Plant Health Science and Technology Raleigh, North Carolina

  2. The Facts of Life (for WTO Members) • The universe of articles that may require phytosanitary measures is not limited to plants and plant products. • The disciplines of the SPS Agreement are not limited to measures that have been put in place since the Agreement came into force.

  3. The Challenge WTO Members need to maximize the use of their scientific and analytical resources to review and update pre-SPS measures as well as meet current and future demands for risk analyses to support regulatory needs.

  4. Regulatory Approaches • Restricted list • Analysis is used to identify commodities that are prohibited or restricted; all others enterable • Requires significant “front-end loading” of PRA resources • A lower level, long-term commitment is required for review and updating • Enterable list • PRA is used to evaluate commodities for entry: all others are “not authorized” • Requires a static resource commitment

  5. NAPRA – Not authorized pending risk analysis The universe of unauthorized commodities GRAS – Generally recognized as safe Known to be low risk; not restricted BPRAs – Broad Pest Risk Analysis Analysis of broad taxa, geographic area, or measures CRAs – Commodity risk analysis Analysis of an individual commodity based on a specific request Categories for Analyses

  6. NAPRA • NOT “prohibited” (a measure requiring a PRA) • Includes all articles that may require phytosanitary measures but have not been evaluated for their risk • Number and frequency of NAPRAs depends on the regulatory approach being used: • Enterable list = larger NAPRA • Restricted list = smaller NAPRA

  7. GRAS • Common articles, routinely traded without significant phytosanitary problems (e.g., frozen French fries) • No analysis needed because restrictions (measures) are not required • Based on common sense, knowledge, experience • Subject to inspection, emergency measures • Requires sufficient evidence to convince stakeholders the risk is negligible

  8. CRAs • Specific commodity: • A specific product (e.g., fresh fruit) • A specific intended use (e.g., for consumption) • A specific area or country (e.g., China) • A specific quarantine or regulatory approach (e.g., Q-56; enterable list approach)

  9. CRA Components Commodity Risk Analysis • Pest Risk Assessment • Risk Identification • Consequences of Introduction • Likelihood of Introduction • Pest Risk Management • Specific procedures • Systems approach • Risk Communication / Documentation

  10. BPRAs • May begeographically broad to include multiple areas, several countries, a region, a hemisphere or global • May be taxonomically broad to include various varieties, species, or genera • May be based on measures by grouping commodities or pests according to specific measures (e.g., greenhouse grown)

  11. Geographically-Based BPRAs • May include multiple areas, several countries, a region, a hemisphere or global • May cover more countries than is required for trade purposes • Takes advantage of regional data • Resource utilization can be greatly enhanced

  12. Taxonomically-Based BPRAs • May include various varieties, species, or genera • Combining PRAs for closely related commodities enhances utilization of staffing resource • Availability of information

  13. BPRAs based on Measures • May be based on measures by grouping commodities or pests according to specific measures (e.g., greenhouse grown) • Reduction of pest species likely to follow the pathway • Assurance of compliance • Combination of countries or commodities

  14. Global BPRAs • Global: a specific commodity from all sources (e.g., fresh peas for consumption from all countries) • Global-Global: related commodities from anywhere (e.g., fresh citrus from all countries for consumption) • Global-Global-Global: (ridiculous)

  15. Conclusions

  16. Plant Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Laboratory (PERAL) 1730 Varsity Drive, Suite 300 Raleigh, North Carolina USA 27606-5202 Tel: +1-919-855-7512 Fax: +1-919-855-7595

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