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Understanding Blunt Ocular Trauma: Causes and Sequelae

Learn about blunt ocular trauma, its causes, and consequences, such as injuries to the orbit, eyelids, cornea, sclera, and more. Explore clinical manifestations and differential diagnoses associated with each type of injury.

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Understanding Blunt Ocular Trauma: Causes and Sequelae

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Eye Trauma

  2. Categories • Blunt Trauma • Penetrating Trauma • Chemical injuries • Thermal injuries • Radiation burns • Electric shock

  3. I. Blunt Ocular Trauma • Cause: Trauma of the eye by a blunt object e.g. stone, tennis ball, football, stick….etc

  4. Sequelae of blunt ocular trauma • Orbit: blow-out fracture • Eyelids: lid edema & ecchymosis • Conjunctiva: conj.laceration, subconj. hge • Cornea: cornea edema, corneal laceration or abrasion • Sclera: rupture globe • Anterior chamber: hyphema • AC Angle: angle recession glaucoma

  5. Contin. • Iris: iridodialysis • Pupil: traumatic miosis & traumatic mydriasis • Lens: Tr. cataract, subluxation, dislocation • Vitreous: vitreous hge • Choroid: ch. rupture, ch. effusion • Retina: retinal edema, dialysis, tear, hge, detachment. • Optic nerve: traumatic optic neuropathy

  6. 1. OrbitBlow-out fracture of orbital floor • Mechanism: An object larger than 5 cm in diameter (e.g. tennis ball) strikes the orbit and the increased intraorbital pressure fractures the orbital floor

  7. Clinical Manifestations

  8. 2. Eyelids • Lid ecchymosis (black eye) • Lid edema • Lid emphysema (paranasal sinuses) • Traumatic ptosis

  9. 3. Conjunctiva • Subconjunctival hemorrhage • Lacerated wound (small)

  10. Subconjunctivalhemmorrhage

  11. Differential Diagnosis • Local ocular trauma Vs Fracture base of the skull

  12. 4. Cornea • Corneal edema • Corneal abrasion or laceration

  13. Corneal edema with blunt injury

  14. Corneal abrasion stained with fluorescein

  15. 5. Sclera • Direct contusion rupture of the sclera • Indirect contusion rupture of the sclera

  16. 6. Anterior ChamberHyphema

  17. Total Hyphema(Complications)

  18. Blood-stained Cornea

  19. 7. AC Angle Angle-recession glaucoma

  20. 8. Iris • Laceration, hemorrhage • Iridodialysis • Post-traumatic iridocyclitis

  21. Iridodialysis

  22. 9. Pupil • Traumatic miosis • Traumatic mydriasis • Minute ruptures in the pupillary border

  23. Traumatic mydriasis

  24. 10. Lens • Vosssius ring • Traumatic (concussion) cataract 1. Punctate opacities in superficial cortex 2. Rosette-shaped posterior cortical cataract • Traumatic subluxation or dislocation

  25. Vosssius ring

  26. Traumatic cataract(Rosette-shaped posterior cortical cataract)

  27. Traumatic cataract(Rosette-shaped posterior cortical cataract)

  28. Traumatic Cataract

  29. Traumatic Cataract

  30. Traumatic subluxation

  31. Traumatic subluxation(Zonulolysis)

  32. Traumatic dislocation (Anterior)

  33. Traumatic dislocation (Posterior)

  34. 11. Vitreous • Vitreous hge • Vitreous detachment

  35. Vitreous hemorrhage

  36. Dense vitreous hemorrhage

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