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Cell Energy

Cell Energy. Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis. What Is ATP?. Energy used by all Cells. Adenosine Triphosphate. Organic molecule containing high-energy Phosphate bonds. Chemical Structure of ATP. Adenine Base. 3 Phosphates. Ribose Sugar. Uses for ATP.

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Cell Energy

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  1. Cell Energy Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis

  2. What Is ATP? Energy used by all Cells Adenosine Triphosphate Organic molecule containing high-energy Phosphate bonds

  3. Chemical Structure of ATP Adenine Base 3 Phosphates Ribose Sugar

  4. Uses for ATP • Provides energy for active transport • Move organelles inside the cells • Transmits nerve impulses • Contract muscles • Plants during photosynthesis to make glucose

  5. How Do We Get Energy From ATP? By breaking the high- energy bonds between the last two phosphates in ATP

  6. When is ATP Made in the Body? During a Process calledCellular Respirationthat takes place in bothPlants & Animals

  7. Cellular Respiration • Process used in cells to break down glucose and produce ATP • Chemical Formula: • C₆H₁₂0₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + ATP • glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide water energy

  8. Mitochondria

  9. 3 Phases of Cellular Respiration • Glycolysis • Kreb’s Cycle • Electron Transport Chain

  10. Cellular Respiration Diagram Occurs in cytoplasm Occurs in matrix Occurs in cristae

  11. Glycolysis Summary • Takes place in the CYTOPLASM • ANAEROBIC (doesn’t use OXYGEN) • NETS 2 ATP

  12. Aerobic vs Anaerobic Respiration PathwaysIs Oxygen Present? YES NO Anaerobic Respiration No oxygen needed Takes place in cytoplasm GLYCOLYSIS – 2 ATP FERMENTATION Animals – LACTIC ACID Plants - ALCOHOLIC • Aerobic Respiration • Needs oxygen • Takes place in mitochondria • KREB’S CYCLE – 2 ATP • ETC – 34 ATP

  13. Fermentation Summary • Occurs when oxygen is NOT present (ANAEROBIC) • Lactic Acid Fermentation occurs in Muscle Cells (makes them tired) • Alcoholic Fermentation occurs in plant cells and yeasts (makes ethanol) • Nets 2 ATP

  14. Kreb’s Cycle • Requires Oxygen • Takes place in the Mitochondria • The cycle is a series of eight reactions. These reactions take a two carbon molecule (acetate) and completely oxidize it to carbon dioxide. • Nets 2 ATP

  15. Electron Transport Chain Summary • Occurs in the Mitochondria • Produces Water (H₂O) • Nets 34 ATP

  16. Photosynthesis • Process that uses the sun’s energy to convert water and carbon dioxide to glucose and oxygen • Chemical Formula: • 6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂0₆ + 6O₂ • carbon dioxide water light energy glucose + oxygen

  17. Photosynthesis

  18. CHLOROPLAST

  19. Two Parts of Photosynthesis Light Dependent Reactions Light Independent (Calvin Cycle) Reactions Does NOT require light Carbon dioxide & hydrogen ions combine to form simple sugars Simple sugars are stored as complex carbs (cellulose and starch) • Requires light • Electrons in chlorophyll absorb light energy • Energy from electrons converts ADP to ATP • Water molecules split to form oxygen, hydrogen ions & electrons • H+ ions attach to carrier molecules to be used later

  20. Light dependent Light independent

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