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Cognitive Models

Cognitive Models. Agenda Who Am I? Cognitive Models Situated Action Activity Theory Distributed Cognition How to use these models Compare to Engineering Models. Who Am I?. Eliza beth Mynatt Associate Professor, CoC, HCI Everyday Computing Lab mynatt@cc.gatech.edu.

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Cognitive Models

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  1. Cognitive Models Agenda • Who Am I? • Cognitive Models • Situated Action • Activity Theory • Distributed Cognition • How to use these models • Compare to Engineering Models CS 6750 Fall 2001

  2. Who Am I? • Elizabeth Mynatt • Associate Professor, CoC, HCI • Everyday Computing Lab • mynatt@cc.gatech.edu CS 6750 Fall 2001

  3. Models of Human Cognition • Human as “information processing system” • Predict performance, not describe truth • Other models? • Distributed cognition • Activity theory • Situated action CS 6750 Fall 2001

  4. Situated Action • Emergent property of moment-by-moment interactions • Relation between persons and arenas • Improvisation • Detailed temporal accounts • De-emphasizes rigid plans and rational problem solving CS 6750 Fall 2001

  5. Activity Theory • Subject, object, actions and operations • Flexible in face of changing conditions • Mediation by artifacts • Transformative relationship CS 6750 Fall 2001

  6. Distributed Cognition • Distributed collection of interacting people and artifacts • Less emphasis on individual cognition; system goal • Representations and transformations • Collaboration CS 6750 Fall 2001

  7. Comparing Models • Goals versus “retrospective reconstructions” • Persistent structures • People and things • Level of detail CS 6750 Fall 2001

  8. Square 1 • What do you know? • Where not to start: • Marketing data • Detailed surveys • Jumping into design • Asking the customer … CS 6750 Fall 2001

  9. Knowing your user • Understand underlying structure / goals / values … • Make tacit knowledge explicit • Train your intuition • Enable tech transfer • Apprentice model CS 6750 Fall 2001

  10. Observation • You just landed on planet X • Teach someone to drive in a conf room • People use knowledge in the world • Lots of non-verbal details • Listen to the language • Videotaping CS 6750 Fall 2001

  11. Interviews • Observation grounds interviews • Keeping the interview open • Cheat sheets • Avoid summaries, abstractions • Create interpretations together • “What should I have asked?” • Tape recording CS 6750 Fall 2001

  12. Other techniques • Exercises • Sorting, ordering • Focus groups • Reaction to prototypes • Surveys • Detailed data, evaluation CS 6750 Fall 2001

  13. Triangulation • Multiple viewpoints • Different types of data • Discover bias • Better data • Shared understanding CS 6750 Fall 2001

  14. Model Human Processor Perceptual, cognitive and motor processors Recognize-act cycle Engineering models GOMS KLM GOMS CCT CS 6750 Fall 2001

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