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Splash Screen. CHAPTER FOCUS SECTION 1 Religious Practices SECTION 2 Science CHAPTER SUMMARY & STUDY GUIDE CHAPTER ASSESSMENT. Click a hyperlink to go to the corresponding section. Press the ESC key at any time to exit the presentation. Contents. Overview.

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  1. Splash Screen

  2. CHAPTER FOCUS SECTION 1Religious Practices SECTION 2Science CHAPTER SUMMARY & STUDY GUIDE CHAPTER ASSESSMENT Click a hyperlink to go to the corresponding section.Press the ESC key at any time to exit the presentation. Contents

  3. Overview • Chapter 11 describes the many cultural contributions made by the Greeks during the Golden Age.  • Section 1 discusses Greek creativity and the people’s attempt to honor their gods and goddesses especially in athletics and theater.  • Section 2 identifies Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle and the development of Greek science. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Chapter Focus 1

  4. Objectives After studying this chapter, you will be able to: • describe how the Greeks honored their gods and goddesses.  • summarize Greek contributions to athletics and the arts.  • discuss how Greek thinkers influenced the development of world civilization. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Chapter Focus 2

  5. Read to Discover • How the Greeks honored their gods and goddesses  • What contributions in athletics and the arts were made during the “Golden Age” of Greek culture  • How Greek thinkers influenced the development of world civilization Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. The Chapter Focus is on page 179 of your textbook. Chapter Focus 3

  6. Terms to Learn People to Know • oracles  • Herodotus  • prophecy  • pancratium  • pentathlon  • philosophia  • Socratic method  • hypothesis  • syllogism  • Socrates  • Plato  • Aristotle  Places to Locate • Mount Olympus  • Olympia Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Click the Speaker On button to listen to the words. Chapter Focus 4

  7. Why It’s Important The Greeks made many contributions to world civilization. Their accomplishments resulted, in part, because of an important religious belief. The Greeks felt their gods were honored if people tried to imitate them. The greater the skill the Greeks showed in thinking, athletic games, or the arts, the more the gods were honored. Greek efforts to do their best produced a “Golden Age” of learning. Many historians call this period the “Classical Age of Greece.” Click the Speaker On button to replay audio. Chapter Focus 5

  8. End of Chapter Focus

  9. Religious Practices • Although most Greeks held similar religious beliefs, there was no single Greek religion. • Officials in each polis were in charge of public feasts and sacrifices.  • Greek priests and priestesses often served as oracles, or persons who, it was believed, could speak with the gods.  • Oracles generally give advice in the form of a prophecy, or a statement of what might happen in the future. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1 begins on page 179 of your textbook. Section 1-1

  10. Gods and Goddesses of Mount Olympus • During the Golden Age, the Greeks worshiped the gods of Mount Olympus.  • There were 12 major gods and goddesses. Each had specific duties to carry out.  • The Greeks placed importance on the worth of the individual, allowing them to approach their gods with dignity.  • The Greeks built temples and held festivals, including the Olympic Games and the theater, to honor their gods. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1-2

  11. The Olympic Games • Every four years, in the middle of summer, a festival was held in Olympia to honor the god Zeus.  • The festival was known as the Olympic Games and was the most important sporting event in Greece.  • Athletes came from all over Greece and from Greek colonies in Africa, Italy, and Asia Minor to take part in the games.  • Only men were allowed to take part; women were not even allowed to watch. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1-3

  12. The Olympic Games (cont.) • The Olympics were made up of many events including:  • chariot races  • boxing  • pancratium–a combination of boxing and wrestling  • pentathlon–made up of five events: running, jumping, throwing the discus, wrestling, and hurling the javelin  • Olympic winners were heroes. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1-4

  13. The Olympic Games (cont.) • Between the different events at the games, poets read their works aloud.  • Herodotus, the “Father of History,” first read his account of the Persian Wars at the Olympics. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1-5

  14. The Theater • The theater grew out of festivals given in honor of the god Dionysus.  • About 600 B.C., the Ionians began telling stories about Dionysus at festivals.  • Stories were then told about other gods and heroes.  • About the time of the Persian Wars, a Greek poet named Aeschylus added an additional character to each story.  • Aeschylus created what came to be known as a play. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1-6

  15. The Theater (cont.) • The first Greek plays were tragedies, or stories about suffering.  • All dealt with the past and with the relationships between people and gods.  • Three of the great writers of tragedy were Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides.  • Soon after the development of tragedy, the comedy, or a play with a happy ending, came into being.  • Unlike tragedies, Greek comedies were about the present. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1-7

  16. The Theater (cont.) • One of the greatest writers of Greek comedy was Aristophanes.  • Greek plays were performed only at community festivals.  • Each actor wore a huge canvas and plaster mask that showed the sex, age, and mood of the character.  • The Greeks believed support of the theater was a public responsibility.  • A panel of citizens judged the plays at each festival. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1-8

  17. Section Assessment How did the Greeks honor their gods and goddesses? They built temples, held festivals, and tried to imitate the gods by excelling in everything they did. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Section 1-Assessment 1

  18. Section Assessment (cont.) Who took part in the Olympics? Athletes from all over Greece and from Greek colonies in Africa, Italy, and Asia Minor took part in the Olympics. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Section 1-Assessment 2

  19. Section Assessment (cont.) Demonstrating Reasoned JudgmentDo you think support of the theater should be the responsibility of government or private groups? Explain. Answers will vary. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Section 1-Assessment 3

  20. Section Assessment (cont.) Draw a diagram like the one on page 185 of your textbook, and use it to list events at the Greek Olympics. Events at the Greek Olympics included: chariot racing, boxing, pancratium (boxing and wrestling), pentathlon (running, jumping, dicus throwing, wrestling, hurling the javelin). Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Section 1-Assessment 4

  21. End of Section 2

  22. Science • Among the things on which the Greeks placed great importance was intellect, or the ability to learn and reason.  • To the Greeks, studying the laws of nature and loving wisdom were the same thing; they called it philosophia.  • Today, people who search for such knowledge and wisdom are known as scientists and philosophers.  • Much of what they know is based on the thoughts of the Greeks. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2 begins on page 185 of your textbook. Section 2-1

  23. Socrates • In 399 B.C., Socrates, a 70-year-old Athenian philosopher, was tried in Athens.  • He believed people could discover truth if they knew how to think.  • In his search for truth, Socrates walked throughout Athens trying to teach people how to think.  • He did this by asking questions.  • This form of questioning is known as the Socraticmethod. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-2

  24. Socrates (cont.) • Some began to consider Socrates a threat to Athens.  • Socrates was tried before a jury of some 500 citizens and sentenced to death. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-3

  25. Plato • All that is known about Socrates comes from one of his pupils, an Athenian aristocrat named Plato.  • Plato set up the Academy, a school to train government leaders, outside Athens in the sacred grove of the hero Academus.  • He thought political liberty was disorder and did not approve of it.  • Plato set down his ideas about an ideal state in a book called The Republic–the first book ever written on political science. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-4

  26. Plato (cont.) • In a work called The Dialogues, Plato showed how difficult it is to discover truth.  • The Dialogues consists of a series of discussions in which different people talk about such things as truth and loyalty. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-5

  27. Aristotle • Aristotle was one of Plato’s brightest pupils.  • Before he died in 322 B.C., he founded his own school in Athens and wrote more than 200 books.  • He believed in using one’s senses to discover the laws that govern the physical world.  • Aristotle also added to the ideas of an earlier Greek scientist named Thales of Miletus. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-6

  28. Aristotle (cont.) • Thales developed the first two steps of what is known today as the scientific method. • First, Thales collected information.  • Then, based on what he observed, he formed a hypothesis, or possible explanation.  • Aristotle provided a third step in the scientific method when he said that a hypothesis must be tested to see if it is correct. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-7

  29. Aristotle (cont.) • Aristotle contributed the syllogism to logic, or the science of reasoning.  • The syllogism is a method of reasoning that uses three related statements. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-8

  30. Discoveries and Inventions • The Greeks were trying to add to their store of knowledge.  • Greek scientists discovered that natural events are not caused by the way gods behave.  • They also learned that the world is governed by natural laws that people can discover and understand.  • Thales of Miletus not only developed the first two steps of the scientific method, but also correctly predicted an eclipse of the sun in 585 B.C. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-9

  31. Discoveries and Inventions (cont.) • The “Father of Scientific Medicine” was Hippocrates.  • Hippocrates drew up a list of rules about how doctors should use their skills to help their patients, which is known today as the Hippocratic Oath.  • Doctors all over the world still promise to honor the Hippocratic Oath. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-10

  32. Section Assessment What were Plato’s beliefs about government? Plato believed in order, no political liberty, and wise and good rulers. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Section 2-Assessment 1

  33. Section Assessment (cont.) Drawing Conclusions Review the syllogism on page 188 of your textbook. Then write a syllogism to help you draw a conclusion about one of the Greek thinkers in this chapter. Answers will vary. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Section 2-Assessment 2

  34. Section Assessment (cont.) Draw a diagram like the one on page 190 of your textbook, and use it to show the steps in the scientific method. Step 1: collect information Step 2: form a hypothesis Step 3: test the hypothesis Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Section 2-Assessment 3

  35. End of Section 2

  36. Chapter Summary & Study Guide • During the “Golden Age,” the Greeks made many contributions in thinking, athletics, and the arts.  • The Olympic Games, held every four years in honor of the Greek god Zeus, was the most important sporting event in Greece.  • The theater, and eventually the play, developed out of a festival given in honor of the Greek god Dionysus.  • Socrates, in his search for truth, developed a form of questioning known as the Socratic method. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Chapter Summary 1

  37. Chapter Summary & Study Guide (cont.) • Plato, who was one of Socrates’s pupils, founded a school and wrote the first book on political science.  • Aristotle developed a system of classification and provided a third step in the scientific method. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Chapter Summary 2

  38. End of Chapter Summary

  39. Understanding the Main Idea What was the role of oracles in Greek religion? They spoke to the gods and gave advice and prophecies to the Greek people. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Chapter Assessment 1

  40. Understanding the Main Idea What role did women play in the Olympic Games? They were not allowed to take part in or watch the games. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Chapter Assessment 2

  41. Understanding the Main Idea What was the relationship between Greek historians and the Olympic Games? Historians read their works aloud at the games and dated historical events by the Olympiads. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Chapter Assessment 3

  42. Understanding the Main Idea How did tragedies differ from comedies? Tragedies told about suffering and relationships between people and the gods. Comedies were humorous and poked fun at people. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Chapter Assessment 4

  43. Understanding the Main Idea How did Athenians react to the teachings of Socrates? Some were pleased but others saw Socrates’ ideas as very dangerous. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Chapter Assessment 5

  44. Understanding the Main Idea Why did Plato set up the Academy? because he hoped to train government leaders Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Chapter Assessment 6

  45. Understanding the Main Idea How does the scientific method work? collecting information and forming and testing a hypothesis Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Chapter Assessment 7

  46. Understanding the Main Idea In what were Greek scientists most interested? adding to their knowledge Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Chapter Assessment 8

  47. Understanding the Main Idea What was Euclid’s most famous achievement? advances in mathematics Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Chapter Assessment 9

  48. Critical Thinking What would you have done if it had been your decision whether or not to put Socrates on trial? Chapter Assessment 10

  49. Critical Thinking Why is the scientific method important to modern science? It provides a consistent way for scientists to do research. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Chapter Assessment 11

  50. Critical Thinking How important was religion in ancient Greek civilization? Explain your answer. Religion and the gods were very important. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Chapter Assessment 12

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