I M P E R I A L I S M

1. I M P E R I A L I S M What is IMPERIALISM? The United States Becomes an Empire

2. Uncle Sam Grows Into a World Power

3. I M P E R I A L I S M To Create an Empire. When stronger more powerful nations take political, economic, military and social control over weaker nations.

5. I M P E R I A L I S M • Describe the four factors that lead to the United States becoming an EMPIRE in the late nineteenth century. A M E R I C A N S P R E A D – E A G L I S M

6. I M P E R I A L I S M • Factors favoring American expansion overseas. • Economics • To acquire resources and raw materials for American industries. • Markets to sell American produced goods

7. IMPERIALISM • Factors favoring American expansion overseas. • Politics • Spread American democracy to other nations • Compete with other imperial powers • Britain • Germany • Russia • France • Spain • Japan

8. IMPERIALISM • Factors favoring American expansion overseas. • Military • Overseas bases for military bases and coaling stations.

9. IMPERIALISM • Factors favoring American expansion overseas. • Social • Spread American culture • Spread Christianity S O C I A L D A R W I N I S M

10. Voices of Imperialism Captain Alfred Thayer Mahan The Influence of Seapower on History, 1660-1783 • Key to becoming a dominant empire was control of the seas • United States needed to build up its naval battleship fleet • U.S. needed to have a two ocean naval presence • United States needed to acquire Hawaii and other Pacific islands • United States should build a canal across the isthmus of Central America

11. Voices of Imperialism YELLOW PRESS - Sensationalizing the News. journalism that downplays legitimate news in favor of eye-catching headlines that sell more newspapers. Newspaper men like William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer, the Yellow Kid, used the media to encourage imperialism.

13. Voices of Imperialism Political leaders who advocated an American empire. Senator Albert Beveridge, Senator Henry Cabot Lodge, and future President Theodore Roosevelt used their political offices to promote imperialism.

14. Uncle Sam begins looking across the oceans Uncle Sam planting the American flag on territories abroad….The “New Manifest Destiny.”

15. The Imperialism “Stunt.” • Where is Uncle Sam looking? • What were the American interests in those places? • What military force is most numerous in the cartoon? • What role did it play in ‘The Imperialism “Stunt.”’ • What is the role of the soldier? • Who is walking on a rope over the ocean? • Why is she carrying a sword? • Who are the couple on the United States coast? • What is the significance of how these two men are depicted?

16. What is the message of this Thomas Nast political cartoon?

17. AMERICA CLAIMS AN EMPIRE The New ‘Manifest Destiny’ After the conquest and settlement of the American West, Americans looked toward overseas territories for expansion

18. A L A S K A

19. ALASKA – “Seward’s Folly” • 1867, the United States purchases ALASKA from Russia. • Secretary of State William Seward agrees to pay $7.2 millions dollars for Alaska • Critics derided the purchase with numerous derogatory names such as ‘Seward’s Ice Box.’

20. Seward’s Polar Bear Garden

21. “Wal-Russia”

22. Klondike Gold Rush in the Yukon

23. Alaska oil

24. M I D W A Y I S L A N D • 1867, the United States formally took possession of Midway Island.

25. H A W A I I

26. Early American Interest in Hawaii • In the late 1700s and early 1800s, American missionaries travel to Hawaii to convert Hawaiians to Christianity.

27. American Interests in Hawaii • Sanford Dole and other American Businessmen bought land and established fruit and Sugarcane plantations. • American businessmen forced Hawaii to grant them the right to vote and soon the American business interests were controlling Hawaiian politics.

28. Naval base at Pearl Harbor( Treaty of Reciprocity 1887 )

29. Queen Lilioukalani • In 1891, Lilioukalani succeeded her brother (King Kalakaua) as the monarch of Hawaii. • She revoked the right to vote from American businessmen. • Take power away from non-Hawaiians • “Hawaii for Hawaiians!” • Hawaiian nationalism

30. Revolution in Hawaii • American businessmen incited rebellion and overthrew Lilioukalani in 1893. • Lilioukalani surrendered and was imprisoned in her palace. • The Americans who lead the revolution petitioned for annexation by the United States.

31. “The Hawaiian pear is now fully ripe and this is the golden hour for the United States to pluck it.” • United States minister to Hawaii urged the U.S. government to annex Hawaii.

32. Republic of Hawaii • President Grover Cleveland opposed annexation and ordered an investigation. • Cleveland determined that the overthrow of Lilioukalani was illegal and refused to annex Hawaii. • Hawaiian Republic declared on July 4, 1894. • Sanford Dole, the first President of the Republic of Hawaii.

33. Hawaiian annexation • President William McKinley, a pro-imperialist, submitted a treaty to annex Hawaii in 1897 • However, in 1898, during the Spanish-American War the United States annexed Hawaii when it the value of the Pearl Harbor naval base became increasing evident. "We need Hawaii just as much and a good deal more than we did California. It is Manifest Destiny." William McKinley

34. The Open Door Policy Secretary of State John Hay first articulated the concept of the “Open Door” in China in a series of notes in 1899-1900. These Open Door Notes aimed to secure international agreement to the U.S. policy of promoting equal opportunity for international trade and commerce in China, and respect for China’s administrative and territorial integrity. British and American policies toward China had long operated under similar principles, but once Hay put them into writing, the “Open Door” became the official U.S. policy towards the Far East in the first half of the 20th century.

35. Spanish American War, 1898 “A splendid little War” John Hay

36. C U B A • Tensions between the United States and Spain arose over Cuba. • Cuban revolts against in the 1870s & 1890s were source of conflict. • Cuban Insurrectos (rebels) formed JUNTAs. • The first juntas were actually organized in New York city. • Spain intended to keep Cuba as part of its empire. • Cuba had been a part of Spain’s Empire of the Americas since the 1490s. • The United States presidents called for Spain to grant Cuba autonomy. • Americans supported Cuban rebels. • The Yellow Press inflamed public opinion against the Spaniards. Cuban poet & revolutionary Jose Marti Spanish General Valierno Weyler, “The Butcher Weyler.” Weyler used a RECONCENTRADO policy against the insurrectos.

37. President McKinley Sends the Maine to Cuba

38. Explosion of the U.S.S. Maine

39. Destruction of the Maine lead a rise of War Fever in the Country

40. The YELLOW PRESS fanned the American public’s outrage and depicted the cause of the explosion was Spanish treachery.

41. Yellow Journalism Joseph Pulitzer & William Randolph Hearst, New York journalists sensationalized the news to sell news papers. The Yellow Press depicted the explosion of the Maine as an attack by Spain on the United States.

42. “REMEMBER THE MAINE!” The United States Declares War on Spain

43. Battle of Manila Bay

44. Battle for Cuba

45. Battle of San Juan Hill

46. Buffalo Soldiers at San Juan Hill

47. Battle of San Juan Hill

48. Battle of Santiago Harbor

49. Spanish Surrender

50. Treaty of Paris, 1898