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Mars: Second Order Landscapes

Geography 441/541 F/19 Dr. Christine M. Rodrigue. Mars: Second Order Landscapes. Second Order: Syrtis Major "Blue Scorpion". Mars: Second Order Landscapes. The “Blue Scorpion” of Syrtis Major AKA Hourglass Sea First recorded feature Sketch map by Christiaan Huygens (1659)

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Mars: Second Order Landscapes

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  1. Geography 441/541 F/19 Dr. Christine M. Rodrigue Mars: Second Order Landscapes C.M. Rodrigue, 2019 Geography, CSULB

  2. C.M. Rodrigue, 2019 Geography, CSULB Second Order: Syrtis Major "Blue Scorpion"

  3. Mars: Second Order Landscapes • The “Blue Scorpion” of Syrtis Major • AKA Hourglass Sea • First recorded feature • Sketch map by Christiaan Huygens (1659) • Arguably recorded earlier by Francisco Fontana (1636) • Giovanni Schiaparelli showed it in his map of 1888 C.M. Rodrigue, 2019 Geography, CSULB

  4. Mars: Second Order Landscapes • The “Blue Scorpion” of Syrtis Major: æolian feature • Low relief volcanic shield • Hesperian age • Low albedo due to wind • Surface is basalt • Interesting effect downwind of high rim craters: windshadow and dust deposition creates bright streaks C.M. Rodrigue, 2019 Geography, CSULB

  5. Mars: Second Order Landscapes • The “Blue Scorpion” of Syrtis Major: æolian feature • MEX HRSC C.M. Rodrigue, 2019 Geography, CSULB

  6. C.M. Rodrigue, 2019 Geography, CSULB Second Order: Syrtis Major "Blue Scorpion" • Syrtis (Viking VIS)  • Basalt/wind streaks (VIS) • Early telescopy • (Huygens 1659) 

  7. Mars: Second Order Landscapes • The Polar Ice Caps • North Polar Cap • Water ice cap • Seasonal CO2 veneer • Chasmata: polar cap winds? • But they sprial counterclockwise C.M. Rodrigue, 2019 Geography, CSULB

  8. Mars: Second Order Landscapes • The Polar Ice Caps • North Polar Cap • Water ice cap • Seasonal CO2 veneer • Dust at varying densities in various layers C.M. Rodrigue, 2019 Geography, CSULB

  9. C.M. Rodrigue, 2019 Geography, CSULB Second Order: North Polar Ice Cap

  10. C.M. Rodrigue, 2019 Geography, CSULB Second Order: Polar Ice Caps • North Pole (MGO MOC over MOLA) • Residual ice (MEX HRSC)

  11. Mars: Second Order Landscapes • The Polar Ice Caps • North Polar Cap • Layering (HiRISE) • Drainage from beneath C.M. Rodrigue, 2019 Geography, CSULB

  12. C.M. Rodrigue, 2019 Geography, CSULB Second Order: Polar Ice Caps • Chasma Boreale (MO THEMIS)  • Chasma Boreale (MRO HiRISE)

  13. C.M. Rodrigue, 2019 Geography, CSULB Second Order: Polar Ice Caps • Crater North Polar Layered Deposit (MRO HiRISE) • Oddly non-circular, very young sediments, glacier

  14. C.M. Rodrigue, 2019 Geography, CSULB Second Order: South Polar Ice Cap

  15. Mars: Second Order Landscapes • The Polar Ice Caps • South Polar Cap • note asymmetry C.M. Rodrigue, 2019 Geography, CSULB

  16. Mars: Second Order Landscapes • The Polar Ice Caps • South Polar Cap in summer • CO2 • Water ice cap underneath? • Yes, ~ 8m down • Again, chasmata spiral opposite the way katabatic winds would spiral C.M. Rodrigue, 2019 Geography, CSULB

  17. Mars: Second Order Landscapes • The Polar Ice Caps • South Polar Cap in winter • CO2 and H2O frost and ice • can reach to 40°S • Hubble 2001 C.M. Rodrigue, 2019 Geography, CSULB

  18. Mars: Second Order Landscapes • The Polar Ice Caps • South Polar Cap in winter (MGS MOC) • CO2 • Seasonal hood gets to 40°S C.M. Rodrigue, 2019 Geography, CSULB

  19. C.M. Rodrigue, 2019 Geography, CSULB Second Order: Polar Ice Caps • South Pole (MEX HRSC) • CO2 geysers (Hartmann painting) • "Spiders" (MRO HiRISE)

  20. Mars: Second Order Landscapes • The Polar Ice Caps • Air pressure variations dominated by South Polar Cap (Viking) C.M. Rodrigue, 2019 Geography, CSULB

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