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Nutrition Screening and Assessment

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cyrah
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Nutrition Screening and Assessment. FCS 5151 Burns. Session Outcomes. Discuss risk factors for malnutrition Differentiate between nutrition screening and assessment Analyze the nutritional status of a classmate using a variety of screening and assessment tools.

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  1. Nutrition Screening and Assessment FCS 5151 Burns

  2. Session Outcomes • Discuss risk factors for malnutrition • Differentiate between nutrition screening and assessment • Analyze the nutritional status of a classmate using a variety of screening and assessment tools. Burns, 2008

  3. Specific risk factors of malnutrition • Inappropriate food intake • Social isolation • Physical inactivity • Acute or chronic diseases or conditions • Constipation • Poverty and/or food insecurity Niedert, 1998 & McCool, 2004

  4. Niedert, 1998

  5. Niedert, 1998

  6. Niedert, 1998

  7. Specific risk factors of malnutrition • Depression • Chronic or inappropriate use of medications • Alcohol abuse • Oral health • Sensory impairment Niedert, 1998 & McCool, 2004

  8. Niedert, 1998

  9. Nutrition Screening • Process of identifying characteristics known to be associated with nutrition problems • Purpose: to quickly identify persons at greatest risk for malnutrition, especially protein energy malnutrition (PEM) • Quick, safe, and cheap Burns, 2008

  10. From the video… • Characteristics of malnutrition • Parts/steps of screening • Outcomes of screening Burns, 2008

  11. Nutrition Screening Process • Includes a quick collection and interpretation of crucial data • Determines the need for nutritional assessment • Identifies level of risk for malnutrition through the examination of many risk factors Burns, 2008

  12. Focuses on older Americans • Joint effort • Goals • ID potential risk factors • ID indicators of malnutrition • Raise public awareness Boyle, 2004

  13. Nutrition Assessment • Comprehensive approach that defines nutritional status using medical, nutrition, and medication histories; physical examination; anthropometric measurements and laboratory data. • Process of estimatingindividual or group nutritional status as a basis for • identifying needs and goals • planning personal health care • community programs to meet nutritional needs Burns, 2008

  14. Assessing Nutritional Status • Anthropometrics • Biochemical • Clinical • Dietary • Emotional • Functional • Medication Burns, 2008

  15. Anthropometric methods • Measurements of physicaldimensions and gross composition of body • Commonly used • Specific measures include height, weight, skinfolds, BMI, waist circumference, hip to waist ratio Burns, 2008

  16. Biochemical methods • Measurements of chemical components • Provide indications of tissue level and/or functioning • Most objective, but expensive and invasive • Examples? • Factoring influencing values Burns, 2008

  17. Factors Influencing Lab Values • Hydration status • Physiological stress • Sensitivity of the test • Blood being tested • Sensitivity of the equipment • Validity of reference standards Niedert, 1998

  18. Clinical assessment • Observation of physical signs associated with malnutrition • Hair, eyes, lips, gums, mouth, tongue, teeth, face, neck, nails, skin • More subjective • Very useful in screening Niedert, 1998

  19. Dietary assessment • collection of food intake data • analysis and interpretation of food intake data • to make judgments about dietary adequacy • can occur at the national, household, or individual level Burns, 2008

  20. Dietary Assessment Types • Food records • Estimation by recall • Food frequency • Diet history • Direct observation Burns, 2008

  21. Emotional Assessment • Why important to include? • What kinds of questions are asked? Burns, 2008

  22. Functional Assessment • Activities of daily living • Self-care activities • Instrumental activities of daily living • Those that require a higher level of functioning Niedert, 1998

  23. Niedert, 1998

  24. Niedert, 1998

  25. Medication Assessment • Drug-drug and drug-nutrient interactions • Inhibit absorption of nutrients • Increase the excretion of a nutrient • Cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea • Inhibit or induce metabolism of a nutrient • Increase or decrease appetite • Alter the taste and smell of the individual Niedert, 1998

  26. What do you think? • What are the top five commonly used medications in men and women aged 65+? Kaufman, Kelly, Rosenburg, etal, 2002

  27. Issues of data collection • Validity • Reliability • Cultural issues Boyle, 2004

  28. Session Assessment • Discuss risk factors for malnutrition • Differentiate between nutrition screening and assessment • Analyze the nutritional status of a classmate using a variety of screening and assessment tools. Burns, 2008