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A Day in the Life of a Wave

A Day in the Life of a Wave. What Waves Can Do. Some Wave Vocab. Wave – a way to transmit energy without carrying mass Medium (noun) – The material that a wave passes through (Ex: air, water, tabletop). Waves are exciting creatures full of possibilities….

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A Day in the Life of a Wave

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  1. A Day in the Life of a Wave What Waves Can Do

  2. Some Wave Vocab Wave – a way to transmit energy without carrying mass Medium (noun) – The material that a wave passes through (Ex: air, water, tabletop)

  3. Waves are exciting creatures full of possibilities… When waves strike a surface of a different material, 3 things can happen: • Some of the waves can be absorbed. • Some of the waves can be reflected. • Some of the waves can be transmitted.

  4. 1. Absorption • New material absorbs energy of wave and its temperature increases slightly • Wave dies 

  5. 2. Reflection • Maximized when wave strikes a new medium of very different density (ex – light traveling in air strikes a mirror)

  6. Angle of Reflection • Draw a line perpendicular to the boundary between two media. This line is called a normal.

  7. Angle of Reflection (cont.) • An incident wave forms an angle with the normal. This angle is called the angle of incidence. • The reflected wave will form an angle on the other side of the normal. This is called the angle of reflection.

  8. Angle of Reflection (cont.) • The angle of reflection will always be equal in size to the angle of incidence. An example

  9. 3. Transmission • When a transmitted wave enters a new medium, its path is bent from the path of the incident wave. This bending process as a wave enters a new medium is called refraction. A Familiar Example

  10. Refraction Examples

  11. A Summary of Wave Behavior Thus Far • Absorption – Wave is absorbed by surface and “removed from play” • Reflection – Wave “bounces” back • Transmission – A wave passes through a boundary, bending (refracting) as it goes

  12. Why is This Important?

  13. The Deepest Hole:Kola Superdeep Borehole, Russia • Reached a depth of 40,230 feet (nearly 8 miles) • Took 29 years • Temperatures at bottom were a toasty 356oF

  14. Even 8 Miles is Just the Tip of the Iceberg Depth of Superdeep Borehole Radius of Earth (6,370 km) Another Way???

  15. A Review of Seismic Waves P Waves • Longitudinal (push-pull) waves • Travel faster • Can travel through solids and liquids S • Transverse (up-down) waves • Travel slower • Can only travel through solids (not liquids)

  16. A Break from our Slideshow

  17. What We Know About the Earth(Thank the wave, not me) • Earth has layers!

  18. Core Mantle Crust Layers Based on Composition

  19. Continental Crust ~ 40 km thick (8-75km) Mainly igneous rock (granite) Up to 4 billion years old Density = 2.7 g/cm3 Ocean Crust ~ 7 km thick Mainly igneous rock (basalt and gabbro) 180 million years old or younger Density = 3.0 g/cm3 The Crust

  20. The Mantle • Over 82% of Earth’s volume! • ~2800 km thick • What’s different from crust? Mainly type of rock (peridotite) • Density = 3.4 g/cm3

  21. The Core • Made of iron and nickel • Density = 13 g/cm3 (Ouch!)

  22. BUT Can Also Layer Earth Based on Physical Properties

  23. Lithosphere • Outermost layer • Consists of crust and upper mantle • Cool and crusty • About 100 km thick

  24. Athenosphere • ~ 600 km thick • Part of upper mantle • Rocks near melting point, so easily deformed: kinda soft and squishy

  25. Lower Mantle • ~2200 km thick • More rigid than athenosphere • But rocks still very hot and able to “flow”

  26. Outer Core • ~ 2300 km thick • Liquid iron and nickel • Spins and creates Earth’s magnetic field

  27. Inner Core • ~ 1200 km thick • Solid iron and nickel, baby! (Under a LOT of pressure)

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