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Chapter 23: Industrialization and Nationalism

Nationalism, Unification, and Reform. Chapter 23: Industrialization and Nationalism. Italian Unification. Piedmont territory became rallying point for unification Camilo di Cavour Prime Minister Created alliance with Louis-Napoleon Economic Growth was a point of pride

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Chapter 23: Industrialization and Nationalism

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  1. Nationalism, Unification, and Reform Chapter 23: Industrialization and Nationalism

  2. Italian Unification • Piedmont territory became rallying point for unification • Camilo di Cavour • Prime Minister • Created alliance with Louis-Napoleon • Economic Growth was a point of pride • Stabilized his weak army • Declared war against Austria in 1859 • Piedmont gained control of Lombardy • Caused other Italian states to revolt

  3. Italian Unification • Giuseppe Garibaldi • Built up an army to take over Southern Italy • Crossed to Sicily • Overthrew the Bourbon Dynasty • Handed over his army and land to Piedmont • March 17, 1861 • Italy declared it’s unity under King Victor Emmanuel II • Finished off unification by gaining Venice from Austria and Rome from the French

  4. German Unification • Looked for help from Prussia to get them unified • Otto von Bismarck • Prime Minister appointed • Politics of reality • Urged for more military strength • Ruled Prussia with parliament approval • Raised taxes and strengthened military • Didn’t care what people thought • If he didn’t like someone, they heard about it

  5. German Unification • Otto von Bismarck • Foreign Policy • 1864: War with Denmark • 1866: Turned against ally Austria • Northern Germany • Organized themselves into the North German Confederation • Southern Germany • Catholic feared Prussia and France • Feared France more and signed military alliance with Prussia

  6. German Unification • Franco-Prussian War • Bismarck forced France to declare war • September 1870 • Entire French army and King captured • Surrendered January 1871 • France lost • $1 billion dollars • Alsace-Lorraine region to Germany • January 1871 • Germany unites under Kaiser William I of Prussia

  7. Nationalism and Reform • Great Britain • 1832 • Increase in male voters from middle class • 1850’s and 1860’s • Political and social reform • Increased workers wages • Increased industrialization • Queen Victoria (1837-1901) • Longest reigning queen in English history • Defined what a queen should be

  8. Nationalism and Reform • France • Louis-Napoleon • By popular demand claims empire as Emperor Napoleon III • Authoritarian: controlled all aspects of life • Legislative Corps • Elected by universal male suffrage but had no actual power • Expanded economy but took away civil liberities • Improved Paris • Gave legislature more power as time went on

  9. Nationalism and Reform • Austrian Empire • Compromise of 1867 • Created Austria-Hungary • Each had it’s own constitution, government bureaucracy, and legislature • 2 capitals (Vienna and Budapest) • One man controlled both Francis Joseph

  10. Nationalism and Reform • Russia • March 1861 • Czar Alexander II tried to bring Russia up to Western standards • Emancipation of all serfs • Couldn’t own property but government gave them land • Ultimately led to struggle for the newly freed serfs • Alexander II assassinated and his son went back against the reform movement

  11. Nationalism in the US • Abolition movement • The desire to end slavery • Divided the country in half • North was against slavery • South: Slavery was an institution • Led to Civil War (1861-1865) • 13th Amendment abolished slavery

  12. Romanticism and Realism Chapter 23: Industrialization and Nationalism

  13. Romanticism • Intellectual movement • Reaction to the Enlightenment • Valued individualism (uniqueness of each person) • Feelings, emotion, and imagination for knowledge • Revival of Medieval style

  14. Romanticism • Art • Two features • 1. Art is reflection of inner feelings • 2. Get rid of classical reason for warmth and emotion

  15. Eugene Delacroix

  16. Romanticism • Music • Ludwig van Beethoven • Third Symphony • Embodied the Romantic ideas

  17. Romanticism • Literature • Sir Walter Scott (Ivanhoe) • Clash between knights in medieval England • Mary Shelley (Frankenstein) • Gothic literature • Edgar Allen Poe (The Raven and other short stories) • Dreams and nightmares • William Wordsworth • Poetry: directory expression of the soul • Love of nature as mirror into humanity

  18. New Age of Science • Louis Pasteur • Germ theory of disease • Dmitry Mendeleyev • Classified all chemical elements (Period Table) • Michael Faraday • Created generator for electrical current

  19. New Age of Science • Charles Darwin • On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection (1859) • Basis for the idea of evolution • Natural selection • Nature decides which organisms survives based on the characteristics they have • “Survival of the fittest” • The Descent of Man • Discusseshow humans had animal origins • We were not an exception to the rule

  20. Realism • Rejected Romanticism • Showed the middle and lower class struggle • Wanted to show every day life • Gustave Flaubert (Madam Bovary) • Charles Dickens (Oliver Twist)

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