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Chapter 10 and 11 . China and Japan. Acquiring prior knowledge. What can you comment on about Chinese culture, politics, economy and history?. Who am I?. “Do not do unto others that which you would not have them do unto you.” Born 551 BCE-479 BCE. Consider the following.
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Chapter 10 and 11 China and Japan
Acquiring prior knowledge What can you comment on about Chinese culture, politics, economy and history?
Who am I? • “Do not do unto others that which you would not have them do unto you.” • Born 551 BCE-479 BCE.
Consider the following By the end of this chapter, you will be able to: Explain the reaction of ancient China to exposure to external influences at different points in its history Analyze the factors that contributed to the maintenance of stability and continuity during China’s long history Evaluate the contributions of selected individuals and groups to the development of legal, political, military, religious, and intellectual traditions in ancient China Demonstrate and understanding of the influence of women in the political an economic life of ancient China
Define cosmology • What does it mean?
Zhongguo • (Jong-gwo) means ‘middle Kingdom’. • Cosmology is the study of the nature of the universe and its origins. It has five directions (north, east, west, south, and centre). • The centre is the most desirable and most superior. • Japan and Korea have followed the Chinese example of discipline in teachings and seirous punishment for children.
Inventions The Chinese paved the way for the compass, the crossbow, gunpowder, paper and printing, paper money, silk, porcelain, tea, just to name a few. China, over the past 2000 years, has been argued to be one of the most advanced of all civilizations.
Read 329 in your textbook • Then answer questions 1 and 2 in your notebook. • (new piece of paper) • On page 330, jot down the time frames in the bottom left hand corner. • Read CHANGE AND CONTINUITY in CHINA on page 330 until 336
TED Talks • Jacques Martin : Understanding the Rise of China • http://www.ted.com/talks/martin_jacques_understanding_the_rise_of_china.html
Page 336 • Answer questions 1-3 from the textbook and any information you gathered from the TED talk by Jacques Martin.
House keeping items • You need to start decorating (today?) for the tree • Bring it something that is shelter/circle shaped as • as theme for the tree. • Due TOMORROW!! • There will be a mini-project for this (this week/next) • There will also be a written test on Chapters 10/11 • Make sure you keep up with your notes • Everything in the textbook and in lectures is testable. • Review to come next week.
The Formative Period • From 1600 BCE – 1027 BCE • Otherwise known as the ‘Shang’ • Kings lived above ground while commoners lived on ground-level. They never saw themselves as God-like, as in the Egyptian Pharaoh, but rather worshipped and followed their ancestor.
Formative Continued • Women and Man were seen as relatively equal in family life. • However, without a son, parents were doomed to a gloomy existence in the afterlife, and this gender preference is still strong in China today. • They had loose political and military control and were eventually ousted by a warlike people in 1027 BCE. They were the Zhou (joe).
The Classical Age “hundred schools of thought” The Zhou period lasted almost 1000 years. They had a strong sense of government and established a feudal system much like Europe established 2000 years later. This system didn’t last for very long. Half of the Zhou period was run by small independent rulers (at one point had hundreds of small domains).
Classical Age – Hundred Schools of Thought • Confucianism – relationships within each other • Legalism – direction from higher order • Taoism – predates Confucianism and focus on individual within natural • Mohism – universal love • School of yin-yang – forces of nature • Logicans – definition and logic (parrellel with ancient greek)
Sun Tzu – The Art Of War • One of the most influential and famous books ever written and recorded in history. • General Sun Tzu. • The book is still used by military academies to this day. • “All war is deception.”
Sun Tzu http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=erZ2YidTZp4
Confucius in Classical Age • Known as Master Kong • His words were recorded by 72 disciples in a collection now called ‘The Analects’. • Golden rule. “do unto others…” • Learning and practice could lead human beings to true humanity. • Education must be open to all, free of class distinctions. Teachers must respect their students but students were responsible for their own education.
Confucius continued • Believed in a curriculum that included history, poetry, etiquette, music, and physical education. • Practice consisted of 3 major elements: filial piety where young people must respect and obey all those older than themselves, especially in their own families. • Second is rectificaiton of names where people had a role in society. “father is a father, son is a son”. People could progress but shouldn’t seek to usurp the position above them.
Confucius Continued • Finally, believed in practice of courtesy where we expand our sense of goodness each time we perform even a small act of courtesy. • Felt this would get rid of laws and punishment in society.
Famous Confucius quotes • Choose a job you love, and you will never have to work a day in your life. • Our greatest glory is not in never falling, but in rising every time we fall. • When it is obvious that the goals cannot be reached, don't adjust the goals, adjust the action steps.
Your turn • Read about the three empires (dynasties) from 337-349. • Answer questions 1-3 on page 349
The First Empire • Prince Han FeiZi in 230 BCE started massive amount of military campaigns where thousands of causalties were the result. • He created a new title for him self ‘Shi Huangdi’ which means The First Emperor’. • He called his dynasty the Qin (chin) where China is now the name as a result. • He transformed the landscape and created a legacy that still exists today.
The First Emperor of China • Using 700 000 laborers he created Xi’an (shee-on) that covered about 70 square kilometers. • Many of his structures were connect by covered walkways and secret passages to protect his movements from assassins. • He created roads, with express lanes, standardize coins, and outlawed virtually everything in Qin. • He carried out many battles, especially against the Huns, who constantly raided north China.
Great wall of China • Crossed some of the most inhospitable land. • Many were buried inside the walls and it is considered ‘the world’s largest graveyard’. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WKzFnhN8o04
The Han Dynasty • The First Emperor died and rebels against the Prime Minister defeated and founded a a new dynasty called the Han. • The Han was a vast and great empire and even created a international trade route called ‘the silk Road’. • The population was around 60 million where 90% of the population was prosperous. • The Emperor was Wudi (woo-dee) who reigned from 140 to 87 BCE
Han Dynasty • Wudi made Confcianism the state religion. • Conquered most of East Asia (Japan, Korea, Vietnam). • China’s first University was founded in 124 BCE. • Officials were selected for public office by the worlds first system of competitive examinations, a system the West brought in the 19th Century. • 9 ministers managed tax collection to defense.
Structure of Government • Many people had various roles. • Lots of servants, sometimes as eunuchs. • 121 women..
Decline of the Han • Rich got richer and the poor got poorer. • Unstable government and inability to keep massive population healthy and happy. • Rebels from the East and South due to disloyal generals. • Even though it has similiarities of Rome, the empire of Rome declined however the Chinese Empire endured and rose to great heights.
The Second Empire 589 CE Sui Wendi created the Sui Dynasty. Aggressive general who eventually kept taxes low, however, after his death, his son took over and spent money on material things where one of his own Generals eventually killed him. The second Empire eventually turned into the GOLDEN AGE of CHINA in the Tang dynasty.
The Tang – Golden Age of China • The capital was Chang’an and had a population of over 1M people where at a time Rome had 60 000. • It was multicultural and multireligious. • Emperor Taizong (627-649) and his Empress Wu are some of the most popular rulers of China’s history. • Again, rebels against the government caused for the decline of this Empire…..
Golden Age continued • However… it is seen as the Golden Age because of its high culture, stable government, expansive foreign relations, and degree of prosperity (people were granted land).
The Third Empire The Song Dynasty Scholars compare it to the Renaissance in Europe
Third Empire – Song Dynasty • Began with the works of Confucius and blended it with Buddhism, Daoism, and created a new ideology called Neo-Confucianism. • Song dynasty is remembered for its economic reformation and artistic achievements. • It was the world’s most advanced industries, especially in agriculture, commerce, and economy until the 18th Century.
Song Dynasty • Started to make paper money and by accident discovered gunpowder for mining of coal and iron. • Advances in fertilizers progressed and help because the population had reached 100 million. • Very capitlistic. Let the system take its course… ‘flying money’. Page 348.
Daily Life in the Capital • Read 350-351. • What was life like in the Capital? Was it fair and/or necessary? • Discussion.
The Mongols • Khubilai Khan and others, the Mongols ruled China for almost 100 years. • They were nasty, ruthless warriors. • They called their dynasty the Yuan ‘Beginning’. • Mongol armies were capable of killing a person by horse back with bow an arrow from 180 m away. • Mongols would drink blood and milk and could sleep anywhere.
Mongols continued • Many outsiders (Europeans, Russians, Middle East) thought the Mongols were demons sent from Hell. • Khubilai Khan eventually made Beijing the capital. • The Mongols didn’t converse with the Chinese and gave themselves massive salaries.
