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Managing your network for availability

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This presentation by Eric Severson focuses on strategies for optimizing network availability. Key topics include network design principles aimed at maximizing uptime, understanding managed network characteristics, and the importance of proper documentation and training. Participants will learn about vital tools such as SNMP for monitoring, the impact of redundancy on availability rates, and the implications of unscheduled downtime. Emphasis is placed on how to enhance network resilience through systematic management practices, aligning operations with business continuity goals.

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Managing your network for availability

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  1. Managing your network for availability Eric Severson – CCNP, CCDP, MCSE Network Specialties, Inc. eric@network-specialties.com (817) 491-0267

  2. Agenda • Network Design for availability • Definition of a Managed Network • Basic tools used to manage a network • Discussion

  3. Availability * Unscheduled downtime

  4. Design for Availability Availability of a Single Component Availability = MTBF/(MTBF+MTTR) Example: MTBF = 120,000 hr MTTR = 4 hr Availability = 0.99997 = 99.9967% Annual downtime = 17.5 minutes

  5. Availability – Multiple Components Multiple Components Availability = Avail(component 1) x Avail(component 2) … x Avail(component n) ISP router firewall switch server

  6. Availability – Server System

  7. Availability – Multiple Components

  8. Availability – Other Components • What about A/C power availability? • What about software errors – IOS bugs, application code errors, bad patches or antivirus updates that cause outages? • How about the human fat-finger?

  9. Availability – Power/Software added

  10. Availability – How Can you Improve? • Add redundancy • Reduce repair time • Manage your network…

  11. Availability – With Redundancy Parallel Availability = Same product of availabilities but use 1-((1-availability)*(1-availability)) for each component that has been made redundant. ISP router firewall switch server ISP router firewall switch server

  12. What is a managed network?

  13. Managed Network Characteristics • Systems must be managed towards a common goal • Network must be secure • Infrastructure is thoroughly documented • Equipment must be manageable • Enterprise synchronized to a common time source

  14. Managed Network Characteristics • Logging • SNMP trapping • SNMP polling • Vendor specific alerting – e.g. Dell iDRAC • Application monitoring • Personnel trained on equipment and management systems • Network Management System

  15. Why do we want a managed network? • To achieve the availability that was designed into the system • Downtime is costly!

  16. Equipment is Manageable • Enterprise grade hardware • Configurable • Supports industry standards • Evolves to support new standards/features • Redundancy available if design demands it • Remotely accessible (SSH, http, telnet, SNMP)

  17. Comprehensive Documentation • Organized repository (online/offline) • “First Responder” documents • Network diagrams - logical and physical • Network device lists • Circuits lists • Applications/firewall rules • Contact lists – IT/vendors/support/site • Policies/procedures/service level agreements • Business continuity/disaster recovery plan

  18. Enterprise synchronized to a standard time • Hierarchical design • NTP (Network Time Protocol) is used • Real -time clock or approved Internet source • All network hardware must synchronize • All active systems ( Windows, UNIX and proprietary platforms) must synchronize

  19. Equipment must be maintained • Vendor hardware maintenance • Vendor software maintenance • Hot/cold spares • Periodic patches to fix software/hardware issues • Upgrades to add new features • Configuration management • Change control • Life cycle planning

  20. Logging • Syslog server for accepting logged events • Windows/UNIX Event logging • Logging properly configured on all systems • Systems in place to interpret log events • Predetermined/proscribed actions for log events • Out-of-band alerting for actionable events

  21. SNMP Trapping • SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) • NMS to accept SNMP messages • Devices configured to send SNMP messages when events occur • Systems in place to interpret SNMP events • Predetermined/proscribed actions for SNMP events • Out-of-band alerting for actionable events • Operational guidelines for responding to events

  22. SNMP POLLING • SNMP server configured to proactively retrieve operational/performance data • NMS system in place to interpret SNMP events • Proscribed actions for SNMP events • Provide detailed metrics on hardware/software systems • Out-of-band alerting for actionable events • Operational guidelines for responding to events

  23. Application Monitoring • Specific TCP/UDP ports are checked for proper response - e.g. HTTP, SSL, SMTP, DNS, etc • Synthetic transactions are issued – e.g. a query against a web site/database system • Out-of-band alerting for actionable events • Operational guidelines for responding to events

  24. Trained Personnel • Network design • LAN configuration, operation & troubleshooting • WAN configuration, operation & troubleshooting • Windows active directory/networking operations • Vendor specific tools • Generic tools

  25. Systems must be managed towards a common goal • Availability should be specified • Expectations should be explained to customers • Customer expectations should be met • Network metrics should be developed and publicized

  26. Network must be secure • Only authorized access is allowed • Network equipment must be in secure areas • Network equipment must be hardened • AAA (Authentication, Authorization and Accounting) should be in place • Network design should support the security paradigms

  27. Logging • Syslog is native to Unix/Linux • Kiwi Syslog is a free Windows program • Syslog can be a part of a network management software package • Windows event logs can be retrieved by NMS or other application • Define how syslog will be used

  28. SNMP Polling/Trapping • Define what you want to track and thresholds for actionable items • SNMP community strings defined on each device/host • SNMP polling and trapping is configured on NMS • Define actions (NMS and human) should an actionable state occur

  29. How to Build a Managed Network • Document existing infrastructure • Set up logging host • Configure all devices/hosts for logging & SNMP • Set up Network Management Station • Configure logging, polling and traps • Document specific actions for events

  30. No-Cost Systems • Use the tools that vendors provide free • Syslog - Linux or Kiwi syslog • NMS – Nagios, OpenNMS, Zenoss, Pandora, Groundwork, Hyperic, NetXMS • Configuration management • Kiwi Cattools - routers, switches and firewalls • Scripting – Perl/TCL/Expect/WMI

  31. Low-Cost Systems • What’s Up Gold • PRTG • GFI Network Monitor

  32. Enterprise Systems • HP Openview • Solarwinds Orion • CA eHealth • IBM Tivoli • EMC • Ciscoworks • Cisco MARS

  33. Next Steps • Develop strategy • Develop short-term tactical plan to rapidly move towards a more manageable network

  34. Further Information • Comparison of network monitoring systems - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_network_monitoring_systems • Popular Network Management Software in Comparison - http://ipinfo.info/html/network_management_software.php

  35. Eric Severson Network Specialties, Inc. eric@network-specialties.com 817-491-0267

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