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Environmental Conditions

Environmental Conditions. Chapter 17. Heat Related Illnesses. Thermoregulation Hypothalamus Homeostasis Increased metabolic rate Increased heart rate Increased cardiac output Hyperthermia: Internal heat produced exceeds external heat loss. Heat Related Illnesses. Radiation

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Environmental Conditions

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  1. Environmental Conditions Chapter 17

  2. Heat Related Illnesses • Thermoregulation • Hypothalamus • Homeostasis • Increased metabolic rate • Increased heart rate • Increased cardiac output • Hyperthermia: Internal heat produced exceeds external heat loss.

  3. Heat Related Illnesses • Radiation • Loss of heat from warmer to cooler • Conduction • Direct transfer of heat • Convection • How fast air next to body is exchanged • Evaporation • Sweat evaporates into the atmosphere

  4. Factors that affect heat tolerance Acclimatization 7-10 days of exposure Hydration Drink before you’re thirsty Electrolyte Replacement Sodium, chloride, magnesium, and potassium Clothing Light colored, light-weight, porous Age Younger people are more limited Sex Females vs. males Diuretics Creatine Practice Times Mornings and evenings Weight Charts Heat Related Illnesses

  5. Heat Related Illnesses • Heat Cramps • Involuntary muscle spasms due to excessive water and electrolyte loss • Commonly occur in calf and abdominal muscles • Passive stretching of the muscles involved • Ice massage over areas involved • Cool fluids with electrolytes

  6. Heat Related Illnesses • Heat Exhaustion • Thirst, headache, dizziness, mild anxiety, fatigue, weak and rapid pulse, and low blood pressure • Move person to cool area • Remove unnecessary clothing and equipment • Rapidly cool the body • Lots of cool fluids with electrolytes • Intravenous fluids may be necessary

  7. Heat Related Illnesses • Heat Stroke • Thermoregulatory system is overloaded, cooling mechanisms fail to dissipate heat, hypothalamus shuts down sweating • Burning up, confused, disoriented, agitated, profuse sweating (then no sweating), unsteady gait • Shallow breathing, decreased BP, rapid weak pulse, seizures then coma • Immediately activate EMS, treat same as heat exhaustion

  8. Heat Related Illnesses • Heat Syncope • Stand up too fast after blood pools • Replace fluids lost • Miliaria Rubra • Itchy skin that leads to sweat glands being blocked • Cool bath, apply calamine lotion • Miliaria Profunda • Sweat glands no longer produce sweat

  9. Cold Related Illnesses • Hypothermia • Reduced body temperature • Cutaneous vasoconstriction • Shivering increases metabolic rate • Hormone thyroxine is released increasing metabolic rate • Try to reduce heat loss through respiration, radiation, conduction, convection, and evaporation

  10. Cold Related Illnesses • Raynaud’s Syndrome • Bilateral spasm of blood vessels causing hands to become cold, pale, and numb • Cold-Induced Bronchospasm • Asthma like symptoms caused by cold • Frostbite Injuries • Freezing of soft tissue • Immerse area in warm water

  11. Cold Related Illnesses • Hypothermia • Dangerous to athletes exposed to cold for long periods of time • Numbness sets in, shivering prevents normal functions • If shivering ceases body shunts blood to protect life • Death is imminent if no intervention takes place

  12. Altitude Illnesses • Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS) • Hypoxia occurring with fast ascent over 8200 feet • Headache, dizziness, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, insomnia, dyspnea, decreased urination, and tachycardia • High-Altitude Pulmonary Edema (HAPE) • AMS at altitudes over 9000ft

  13. Altitude Illnesses • High-Altitude Cerebral Edema (HACE) • Usually occurs over 10,000 feet • Acclimatization usually takes 10-20 days and should be performed prior to exertion at elevations

  14. Air Pollutants • Carbon Monoxide • Sulfur Oxides • Nitrogen Oxides • Ozone • Primary Particulates

  15. Thunderstorms • Burns, electrical mechanical forces, blunt trauma from splintering • Cardiac Asystole • Apnea • Count “flash to bang” divide by 5= approximate distance in miles • Within 6 miles you should end all outdoor activities and get under cover

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