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Industrial Revolution

Industrial Revolution. Industrial Revolution begins in Britain. Agricultural Revolution Enclosures Crop Rotation Jehthro Tull’s Seed Drill Livestock Breeding All lead to a population growth. Industrial Revolution begins in Britain. Great Britain’s advantages Large Population

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Industrial Revolution

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  1. Industrial Revolution

  2. Industrial Revolution begins in Britain • Agricultural Revolution • Enclosures • Crop Rotation • Jehthro Tull’s Seed Drill • Livestock Breeding • All lead to a population growth

  3. Industrial Revolution begins in Britain • Great Britain’s advantages • Large Population • Natural Resources • Water Power / Fuel • Iron Ore • Rivers • Harbors • Expanding Economy • Banking system / loans for investment • Political Stability

  4. Britain’s Factors of Production

  5. Inventions / DiscoveriesThe Flying Shuttle

  6. Inventions / DiscoveriesThe Spinning Jenny

  7. Inventions / DiscoveriesWater Frame

  8. Inventions / DiscoveriesSpinning Mule

  9. Inventions / DiscoveriesPower Loom

  10. Inventions / DiscoveriesRise of Factories

  11. Inventions / DiscoveriesCotton Gin

  12. Inventions / DiscoveriesSteam Engine

  13. Inventions / DiscoveriesSteamboat

  14. Inventions / DiscoveriesRoads / Turnpikes

  15. Inventions / DiscoveriesRocket

  16. Inventions / DiscoveriesRailroad Effects • Spurred further Industrial Growth • New Jobs created • Boosted agriculture and fishing industries • People able to take distant city jobs • People able to travel further distances

  17. Inventions / DiscoveriesThomas Edison

  18. Inventions / DiscoveriesAlexander Graham Bell

  19. Inventions / DiscoveriesGuglielmo Marconi

  20. Inventions / DiscoveriesHenry Ford

  21. Inventions / DiscoveriesWright Brothers

  22. Inventions / DiscoveriesLouis Pasteur

  23. Inventions / DiscoveriesJoseph Lister

  24. Inventions / DiscoveriesCharles Darwin

  25. Inventions / DiscoveriesGregor Mendel

  26. Inventions / DiscoveriesPierre an Marie Curie

  27. Industrialization • By1800s people could earn higher wages in factories than on farms • 1800’s balance shifted from rural (farms) areas to urban (cities) • 1800-1850 large cities more than doubled • Period known as urbanization

  28. Industrialization • Factories developed in Clusters • London was most important city

  29. Industrial living conditions • No development plans, sanitary codes or building codes • Lacked adequate housing, education, and police protection • Unpaved streets, no drains • Dark, dirty shelters. Families living in 1 bedroom • Sickness widespread (cholera) • City life span 17 years • Merchants/Factory owners lived in suburbs

  30. Industrial Working Conditions • Average work day 14 hours 6 days a week • Dangers of not well lit, Machine injuries • Coal Mines most dangerous • Many Women/Children worked in Coal Mines

  31. Class Tensions • New Middle Class formed • Upper Middle Class= government employees, doctors, lawyers, factory managers • Lower middle class=skilled workers • The Working Class • Laborers • Saw little improvement in their living and working conditions • Luddites

  32. Positive Effects of Industrialization • New Jobs • Added Wealth to Nation • Technological Progress and invention • Raised standard of living • Hope of improvement • Life of laborers eventually improved with labor unions • Long-Term Effects?

  33. Industrialization Spreads • US follows England • Begins with Textiles • Railroads • Use of Corporations (Rockefeller, Carnegie) • Continental Europe • Belgium leads the way • By late 1800’s Germany becomes a military and industrial giant • Not all European nations industrialized

  34. Impact of Industrialization • Widened the wealth gap between industrialized and nonindustrialized countries • Exploitation of overseas colonies • Gave Europe tremendous economic power • Hardships of early urban workers • Eventual rise of population, health and wealth • Development of a middle class

  35. Philosophers of IndustrializationAdam Smith • Laissez-Faire Economics • Law of Self-Interest • Law of Supply and Demand • Laid Foundation for Capitalism- Factors of Production are privately owned and money is invested business ventures to make profit • Supported by works of Thomas Malthus and David Ricardo

  36. Rise of Socialism • Utilitarianism- Jeremy Bentham , John Stuart Mill • Utopia- Robert Owen • Socialism- Charles Fourier • Factors of Production owned by government • Government ownership would end poverty and promote equality

  37. Marxism: Radical Socialism • Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels write The Communist Manifesto • Society divided into haves (bourgeoisie) or have-nots (proletariat) • Predicted eventual overthrow of bourgeoisie • Classless society would develop (Communism) • Elimination of Private Property

  38. Labor Unions and Reforms • Union spoke for all workers and engaged in collective bargaining • If factory owners refused demands, union members could strike, or refuse to work • Reform Laws • Factory reform act of 1833 (child labor) • Hours Act of 1847

  39. Revolutions in the ArtsRomanticism • Reaction against Enlightenment and Classicism • Key ideas of Romanticism • Emphasize inner feelings, emotions, imagination • Focused on mysterious • Cherished folk traditions • Promoted radical change and democracy

  40. Revolutions in the ArtsRomanticism • Romantic Literature • William Wordsworth • Lord Byron • Victor Hugo • Marry Shelley “Frankenstein” • Music • Ludwig Van Beethoven • Robert Schuman • Frederick Chopin

  41. Revolutions in the ArtsRealism • Tried to show life as it really was • Photography • Literature • Emile zola • Charles Dickens

  42. Revolutions in the ArtsImpressionism • Reaction against realism • Use of pure shimmering colors • Famous Painters • Calude Monet • Edgar Degas • Pierre-Auguste Renoir

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