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Localizing Development: Has the Participatory Approach Worked?. Ghazala Mansuri and Vijayendra Rao. Table of Contents. Chapter 1: Conceptual Foundations: Civil Society Failure and Local Development Chapter 2: Generating Hypotheses: Context, Classification and Trajectories
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Localizing Development: Has the Participatory Approach Worked? Ghazala Mansuri and Vijayendra Rao
Table of Contents • Chapter 1: Conceptual Foundations: Civil Society Failure and Local Development • Chapter 2: Generating Hypotheses: Context, Classification and Trajectories • Chapter 3: Does Participation Improve Development Outcomes? • Chapter 4: Cultivating Participation and Improving Governance: Challenges of Equity, Politics and Sustainability • Chapter 5: Lessons for Policy
Chapter 1: Conceptual Foundations: Overview • Local Participatory Development: • Local Decentralization • Community Based Development • Funding for Community Based Development- $32 Billion Over the last Decade • Rose for 5% in 1989 to 25% of all lending in 2003. • About $25 Billion for village decentralization • Justification: • Empowering the Poor • Building “social capital” • Improving “demand-side” of governance
Framework Failures-Imperfections Information Coordination Equity
Civil Society Failure • Internal • Poor Capacity for Collective Action • Elite Capture • Linkages • Information Failures – Lack of Transparency, Electoral Accountability, Access • Coordination Failures – Social Accountability, Access to justice, Lack of Credit and Insurance, Potential for Producer and Consumer Cooperatives • Equity: Unequal access to information, exclusion from collective and electoral processes.
Chapter 2: : Context, Classification and Trajectories • Preferences • Path Dependence • Colonial Rule • Administrative Systems • Institutions • Inequality and Heterogeneity • Policy History - Land Reform, Access to Education • Geography • Social and Cultural Context
Impact on Public Goods and Services Assumed (PDO) Actual Civil Society Investments Impact on Participation Trajectories of Local Participation
What are the outcomes of interest? • Participation • Services • Poverty • “Governance” - What impact do you expect to see when?
Monitoring • Process – Qualitative Tracking • Real Time Learning • Experiments within project cycle • Evaluations for Learning not for judgment • Indonesia Example
Policy Messages • Important to think through end goals and trajectories • What elements of the context matter for end goals • Understanding which linkages matter • Understanding challenges to collective action and inclusion and explicitly accounting for them in design and implementation • Participatory institutions that have “teeth” are more likely to succeed. • What is the timeline • Monitoring of process remains critical • Participatory projects require the continuing involvement of external agencies and governments