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Understanding Hydrated Compounds and Acid Naming Conventions

This guide explains the concepts of hydrated compounds and the systematic naming of acids. A hydrated compound is an ionic compound that incorporates water within its crystal structure, such as Copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO4·5H2O). The water can be removed through heating. In naming acids, binary acids utilize the prefix "hydro" and end with "ic," while tertiary acids (oxo acids) follow rules based on the anion's suffix ("ate" becomes "ic"; "ite" becomes "ous"). Additional examples clarify these naming conventions.

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Understanding Hydrated Compounds and Acid Naming Conventions

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  1. Hydrated Compoundsand Naming Acids

  2. Hydrated compounds • A hydrated compound is an ionic compound that contains water within its crystal structure • This water can be driven off by heating the compound • Ex. Copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate. • CuSO4·5H2O

  3. Naming Acids • An acid is an ionic compound, with Hydrogen as its cation, that has been dissolved in water (aq)

  4. Naming Acids Binary Acids: • The prefix “hydro” is used followed by the other element, ending in “ic” Examples: HCl hydrogen chloride hydrochloric acid H2S hydrogen sulphidehydrosulphuric acid HBr hydrogen bromide hydrobromic acid

  5. Naming Acids Tertiary Acids (also called OXO acids)(H+ bonded to polyatomic ion) • If the name of the anion ends in “ate”, the name of the acid ends in “ic” Example: H3PO4 hydrogen phosphate phosphoric acid • If the name of the anion ends in “ite”, the name of the acid ends in “ous” Example: HNO2 hydrogen nitrite nitrous acid

  6. Naming Acids Prefixes “per” and “hypo” • Examples: HClO hydrogen hypochlorous hypochlorite acid HClO4 hydrogen perchloric perchlorate acid

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