1 / 15

METHODS OF RESEARCH

This overview delves into various research methods used by psychologists to investigate the "why" behind animal and human behavior. Key methods include naturalistic observation, which allows for secret monitoring of subjects in their environments; interviews that facilitate detailed face-to-face data collection; case studies offering deep insights into individual backgrounds; and psychological tests providing objective measures of characteristics such as IQ. The longitudinal and cross-sectional approaches enhance understanding of behavioral changes across time and different age groups. Each method has its strengths and limitations, providing valuable insights as well as challenges.

daniel-sampson
Télécharger la présentation

METHODS OF RESEARCH

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. METHODSOFRESEARCH How psychologists answer the “why” of animal and human behavior

  2. NATURALISTIC OBSERVATION • DEFINITION: • secret observation of the subjects-animal or human-in daily activity, recording their behavior.

  3. ADVANTAGES and DISADVANTAGES • ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAGES • Creatures will behave Since researchers normally because they can’t talk to don’t know anyone is subject they may watching them. misinterpret behavior.

  4. EXAMPLE OF NATURALISTIC OBSERVATION • Jane Goodall’s research with the • Gorillas. • Charles Darwin-sea journey

  5. INTERVIEWS • Definition: Research method for studying people face to face and asking questions.

  6. Advantages: • Researcher can obtain personal, detailed information.

  7. Disadvantages • Researcher biases can influence behavior.—how? All of us have our own prejudices against certain types of people, certain age groups, etc. These factors could influence our questions as well as our interpretations of the answers • Subject’s responses may not be completely honest.

  8. CASE STUDY METHOD • Definition: Research that collects lengthy, detailed information about a person’s background, usually for psychological treatment.

  9. CASE STUDY METHOD • **The goal is to find out as much as possible about how the individual’s personality has evolved from early years in order to shed light on their present-day problems. (This is an advantage to this method)

  10. Disadvantage: • Subject may not be honest. • Researcher bias can influence behavior • **Caution: You can’t generalize from your findings—it may not be true of others.

  11. PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS:. • Definition: objective methods for observation and measurement of subjects in various areas, such as IQ or personality

  12. PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS • Advantages: Accurate, objective information-little chance of distorting the results. • Disadvantages: Tests are limited in the amount of info. they can obtain.

  13. LONGITUDINAL METHOD: • Definition: a method of research that studies the same group of people over an extended period of time. ( years) • Advantages: good for certain types of research like studies on development • Disadvantages: expensive and time-consuming

  14. CROSS-SECTIONAL METHOD: • (representative sample) • Definition: method of research that looks at different age groups at the same time in order to understand changes that occur during lifetime.

  15. CROSS-SECTIONAL METHOD • Example: Does intelligence notably decline with age? Researchers took samples from each age group and compared them. • Advantages: Samples used are usually representative of population as a whole. • Less expensive and time- consuming than longitudinal • Disadvantages: Not appropriate for some types of research.

More Related