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Good morning. HEALTH EDUCATION. Contents. Introduction Definitions Aims & Objectives Role of health Care provider Approach to health education Concepts of health education Principles of Health education. EDUCATION INCREASE KNOWLEDGE

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  1. Good morning

  2. HEALTHEDUCATION

  3. Contents • Introduction • Definitions • Aims & Objectives • Role of health Care provider • Approach to health education • Concepts of health education • Principles of Health education

  4. EDUCATION INCREASE KNOWLEDGE DETERMINES ATTITUDES DETERMINES BEHAVIOUR PROMOTE HEALTHIER LIVING

  5. Educate about harmful effects of smoking Increase their knowledge Change their attitude (stop going to pan shop) Determines behavior (stop smoking) Promote healthier living

  6. Help people learn to live healthfully. • May take place a)Home b) School c)Community

  7. Concepts of Health education

  8. Principles of Health education • Credibility • Interest • Participation • Motivation • Comprehension • Reinforcement • Learning by doing • Known to unknown • Setting an example • Good human relations • Feedback • leaders

  9. Contents • Practice of health education • Audiovisual aids • Methods in health communication - Individual approach - Group approach - Mass approach

  10. Practice of Health Education

  11. 1. Audiovisual aids • No health education is effective without audiovisual aids. • They help to simplify unfamiliar concepts. • Bring about understanding where words fail.

  12. Audiovisual aids

  13. Health communication

  14. Individual approach • Personalinterviews- Consultation room of Dr Health centre Homes of the people • Patient will listen more readily. • Have a more lasting effect than volumes of printed word.

  15. Public health nurses, health visitors and health inspectors- Individual health teaching. • Advantage- we can discuss, argue and persuade the individual to change his behaviour. • It provides opportunities to ask questions in terms of specific interest.

  16. Limitation: 1) Numbers we reach are small 2) Can be given only to those who come in contact with us.

  17. Group approach • Groups - School children - Mothers - Industrial workers - Patients

  18. Effective way of educating the community. • Subject of group health teaching is very important. E.g., Tuberculosis, Periodontitis • We have to select also the suitable method of health education.

  19. (1) Chalk and talk (Lecture) • Carefully prepared oral presentation of facts, organized thoughts and ideas by a qualified person. • The “chalk” lends the visual component. • Important = small group education

  20. Its effectiveness depends on: 1)Speaker’s ability to write legibly 2)Draw with chalk on a black board • Topic should be based on a topic of interest or health needs of the group. • Group= not more than 30 • Talk = 15-20 minutes

  21. Demonstrations • Carefully prepared presentation to show how to perform a skill or procedure. • e.g., Disinfection of well, brushing technique • Arouses interest • Seeing is believing and learning by doing

  22. Group discussion • Aggregation of people interacting in a face to face situation. • Freely exchange their knowledge, ideas and opinions. • Comprise not less than 6 and not more than 12 members.

  23. All seated in a circle, so that each is fully visible. • Group leader • Desirable to have a recorder

  24. Rules • Express ideas clearly and concisely • Listen • Do not interrupt ; Accept criticism • Help to reach conclusions • Members know each other beforehand.

  25. limitations • Those who are shy may not take part • Some may dominate • Some members may deviate from the subject

  26. Panel discussion • 4 to 8 persons who are qualified to talk about the topic sit and discuss a given problem or the topic, in front of a large group. • Comprises a chairman-a) opens the meeting b)Introduces speakers c)Introduces the topic d)Invites speakers to present

  27. Success of the panel depends upon chairman. • The audience is invited to take part. • Should be spontaneous and natural.

  28. Symposium • Series of speeches on a selected subject. • Each person or expert presents an aspect of the subject briefly. • No discussion among members • Audience may raise questions • Chairman makes a comprehensive summary

  29. Workshop • Divided in to small groups and each group will choose a chairman and a recorder • The individuals work, solve a part of the problem through their personal work • group discussion and leave the workshop with a plan of action on the problem.

  30. Learning takes place in a friendly, happy atmosphere under expert guidance. • Provides each participant opportunity.

  31. Role playing • Socio-drama • Audience is actively concerned • Size of the group 25 • Useful for school children

  32. Conferences & Seminars • Commercialized continuing education • Held on a regional, state or national level. • Once half-day to one week in length • Cover a single topic in depth or be broadly comprehensive

  33. Mass approach-Education of the general public • Effective health education programme. • Printed posters, pamphlets ,books, newspapers Radio TV

  34. “One-way communication • Transmit messages to people even in the remote places. • No. of people who are reaches – in millions • High returns for the time and money involved.

  35. Television • Most popular of all media. • understanding and helping people familiarize with things they have not seen before, including crime and violence. • One-way channel • It can only be an aid to teaching.

  36. Radio Both radio and TV can reach illiterate population. • Health information, in the form of straight talks, plays, questions and answers and quiz programs. • Cheaper than TV. • Doctors and health workers may speak out on radio. • Local health issues may be identified and discussed leading to general awareness.

  37. Internet • Computer based communication system. • Instant communication across the world by means of e-mail and a on-line chart. • Fast growing communication media and the no’s are growing everyday.

  38. Vast amount of health related literature from WHO and other health agencies is available on line. • The health related information from the ministry of health and family welfare Govt.of India, is also available on their website.

  39. News papers • Most widely disseminated of all forms of literature. • Unfortunately, health problems have little of value to news papers. • Limitation- low readership in rural areas because of illiteracy.

  40. Printed material • Magazines ,pamphlets, booklets and hand-outs have long been in use. • Aimed at those who can read. • Convey detailed information • Produced in bulk for very little cost, and can be shared by others in the family and community.

  41. Direct mailing • New innovation in health communication in India. • Intention is to reach the remote areas • Folders, newsletters & booklets on family planning, immunization and nutrition etc.

  42. These are sent directly to village leaders, literate persons, panchayats and local bodies and others who are considered as opinion leaders. • Has been a successful mass media • Most personal of mass communication.

  43. Posters, billboards and signs • Intended to catch the eye and create awareness. • Message must be simple, and artistic. • Not expensive; Seen by large number of people.

  44. Motives such as humour and fear are introduced into posters in order to hold the attention of the public. • In places where the exposure time is short(e.g., streets), the message of the poster should be 1)short, simple, direct 2) can be taken at a glance 3) easy to understand immediately.

  45. In places where people have some time spend (e.g., bus stops, railway stations, hospitals, health centers) the poster can present more information. • The right amount of matter should be put up in the right place and at the right time. • Life is usually short; should be changed frequently, otherwise they will lose their effect.

  46. Much less effect in changing behavior. • Indiscriminate use- no other useful purpose than covering the wall.

  47. Health museums and exhibitions • Can attract large numbers of people. • By presenting a variety of ideas, they do increase knowledge and awareness. • Photographic panels attract more persons • 3D models with lightened visuals are even more effective than photos.

  48. In exhibitions- personal communication through workers who explain each item on the exhibit. • Printed literature explaining the exhibits is often freely distributed. • Offer both personal and impersonal methods of communication.

  49. Folk media 1)Keerthan 2) Katha 3)folk songs 4) dances and dramas 5) Puppet shows • Muslims- ghazals, the kawali

  50. Mass media are only instruments • Neither good nor bad • What matters is the message they carry and the way the message is delivered.

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