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Understanding Functional Groups: Alcohols and Ethers in Organic Chemistry

This text delves into the significance of functional groups in organic compounds, focusing on alcohols and ethers. Alcohols are characterized by the presence of one or more hydroxyl groups (-OH) and are named according to specific rules, including prefixing the parent chain with "ol" for single hydroxyl groups and using "di-", "tri-", or "tetra-" for multiple hydroxyls. Ethers consist of two hydrocarbon groups connected by an oxygen atom, and their naming convention relies on alphabetical order and the "ether" suffix. Understanding these functional groups is essential for grasping the properties and behaviors of organic compounds.

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Understanding Functional Groups: Alcohols and Ethers in Organic Chemistry

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  1. Other Organic Compounds(p. 29) • Functional Group • Atom or group of atoms that give specific properties to an organic compound. • Same functional group • Similar properties • Classified together

  2. Alcohols • Organic compound that contains one or more hydroxyl group (-OH); the oxygen is bonded to a hydrogen and a carbon. • General formula: R-OH

  3. Naming Alcohols: • If no number is present in front of the parent name, presume the –OH is on carbon number 1. • If 1 –OH group • Drop the “e” on the parent name and add “ol”. Example: C-C-C-C-OH 1-butanol

  4. Example C-C-C-C-C-C-C OH  3-heptanol

  5. Name: C C-C-C-C-C OH 2-methyl-2-pentanol

  6. Naming alcohols continued • If two or more –OH groups • 2= -diol • 3=-triol • 4= tetraol • Keep the –ane, add the appropriate ending listed above.

  7. Example: C-OH C-OH C-OH 1,2,3-propanetriol

  8. Draw:1, 2, 4, 5-pentanetetraol OH OH C-C-C-C-C OH OH

  9. Ethers • Organic compounds with 2 hydrocarbons bonded to the same oxygen • General formula: R-O-R’ • Where R and R’ can be the same size or different.

  10. Naming Ethers: • Arrange the R and R’ groups on alphabetical order. • Use –yl endings like branches; if R and R’ are the same, use “di”. • End the name with the word ether.

  11. Name: C-C-O-C-C-C-C Butyl ethyl ether

  12. Name: C-C-C-O-C-C-C dipropyl ether

  13. Name: C-C-C-O-C methyl propyl ether

  14. Draw: Dicyclohexylether

  15. Draw: Butyl pentyl ether C-C-C-C-O-C-C-C-C-C

  16. Draw:methyl phenyl ether C-O

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