Verbs, Verbs, Verbs

1. We’re not types of verbs, but we’re related to them! Verbs, Verbs, Verbs Action Verbs Linking Verbs (also: auxiliary, transitive, intransitive)

2. Two, 2, dos, deux, zwei, ni, , • action • linking • There are ONLY two kinds of verbs on the planet. They are: (tutu) 

3. All real verbs are either action or linking. There are other “verby” things (auxiliary/helping verbs, verbals), but they are not true verbs. We will discuss these later.

4. Action Verbs

5. Action Verbs • express either mental or physical activity • The dogs barked all day. • He thought about the day. physical action mental action

6. Action Verbs • may be transitive or intransitive • (more on this later – just note it for now)

7. Linking Verbs

8. Linking Verbs • express a state of being • connect (or link) the subject to a word or word group that identifies or describes the subject My teacher is cranky.

9. Linking Verbs • never have objects • ALWAYS intransitive • (more on this later – just note it for now)

10. Action or Linking Verb? action • We celebrated the Chinese New Year yesterday. • The holiday is usually in February. • We celebrated the Chinese New Year yesterday. • The holiday is usually in February. linking #1 Identify the verb. #2 Action or state of being? #3 Action=action verb & state of being = linking verb

11. Action or Linking Verb? linking • John looked tired. • John looked through the binoculars. • John looked tired. • John looked through the binoculars. action #1 Identify the verb. #2 Action or state of being? #3 Action=action verb & state of being = linking verb

12. Action or Linking Verb? action • Remain in your seats until the end of class. • Remain calm. • Remain in your seats until the end of class. • Remain calm. linking #1 Identify the verb. #2 Action or state of being? #3 Action=action verb & state of being = linking verb

13. Handy Tip for Linking Verbs • Linking verbs are like the equal signs of language. (=) • Any verb that can be replaced with is, am, are, be, become, or becomes to create a sentence with nearly the same meaning is a linking verb.

14. Action or Linking Verb? Your Turn! • Any verb that can be replaced with is, am, are, be, become, or becomes to create a sentence with nearly the same meaning is a linking verb. • The sky looks blue. • I walked home. • Our teacher seemed crazy.

15. WARNING: Auxiliary verbs do not function as verbs. They HELP the main verb. Auxiliary/Helping “Verbs” “auxiliary” just means “helping”

16. be am is are was were Auxiliary/Helping Verbs (sing to the tune of “Jingle Bells” for a handy mnemonic) • been • being • has • have • had • do • did • does • can • could • shall • will • would • should • may • might • must

17. Auxiliary/Helping Verbs • help the main verb express action or a state of being • canspeak • maybe • has beennamed • should have beencaught

18. Auxiliary Verbs Verb Phrase • A verb phrase has one main verb and one or more auxiliary verbs • Many people in Africa canspeak more than one language. • The packages maybe at 401 Maple Street.

19. Verb Phrase “Math” • auxiliary verb(s) + main verb = verb phrase • There may be more than oneauxiliary verb in a verb phrase. There is only onemain verb in a verb phrase. It is always the LAST WORD in the verb phrase. The main verb is either action (speak, named, caught) or linking (be). • canspeak • maybe • has beennamed • should have beencaught

20. Auxiliary Verb or Main Verb? The highlighted words can function as main verbs or auxiliary verbs. Can you tell which job each is doing? main verb • I am a teacher. • I am writing a letter. • We are hungry. • The girls are playing ball. auxiliary verb main verb auxiliary verb

21. Auxiliary Verb or Main Verb? Your Turn! • Make your own examples using each of these words in two ways: 1) as a main verb and 2) as an auxiliary verb in a verb phrase. • was • does • have

22. Auxiliary Verb or Main Verb? Your Turn! was does have • I was a track star. • I was running quickly. • She does the dishes. • She does hear you. • They have influenza. • They have been cured.

23. Handy Tip for Verb Phrases • Sometimes a verb phrase is interrupted by another part of speech, like an adverb. In a question, the subject often interrupts the verb phrase. • Our school hasalwaysheld a victory celebration when our team wins. • Didyouhear Jamie Foxx’s speech?

24. Transitive and Intransitive Transitive and Intransitive It’s all about transfer of action to an object.

25. Handy Tip • Since transitive/intransitive verbs deal with whether or not action passes from the subject to an object, always start with labeling the subject and verb in the sentence.

26. Transitive Verbs • express an action directed toward a person, a place, a thing, or an idea (a.k.a., nouns) • The action passes from the doer (the subject) to the receiver of the action. • The words that receive the action of transitive verbs directobjects  always nouns • Transitive verbs can only be action verbs. Linking verbs are NEVER transitive.

27. Transitive Verbs: Examples av S • Derrick greeted the visitors. • Derrick greeted whom? The action (greeted) passes from the subject (Derrick) to the object (visitors). • When will Felicia paint her room? • Felicia will paint what? The action (will paint) passes from the subject (Felicia) to the object (room). aux. v av S

28. Intransitive Verbs • express action or tell something about the subject without the action passing to a receiver, or object • Intransitive verbs may be either action or linking verbs.

29. Intransitive Verbs: Examples S av • The train stopped. • The train stopped what? There is nothing in the sentence to say what the train stopped (i.e., there is no object). There is no transfer of action. • Last night we ate on the patio. • We ate what? There is nothing in the sentence to say what we ate (i.e., there is no object). We did not eat some “on the patio.” This is a prepositional phrase telling where we ate, not what. There is no transfer of action. S av

30. Transitive or Intransitive? Your Turn! 1) Label subject & verb. 2) Is the verb action or linking? If linking, it cannot be transitive. If action, go on to step 3. 3) Say, “Subject, verb WHAT?” If there is a noun that receives the action, it is transitive. • The children play checkers. • The children play quietly. • Mr. Lopez is baking bread. • Mr. Lopez is baking this afternoon. • Have Roland and Tracy left their coats? • Have Roland and Tracy left yet?

31. Transitive or Intransitive? Your Turn! S av • The children play checkers. • The children play WHAT? “Checkers” is a noun telling what they play, so “play” is transitive. • The children play quietly. • The children play WHAT? “Quietly” is not a noun and it is not what they play (it is how they play), so “play” is intransitive. S av

32. Transitive or Intransitive? Your Turn! S av • Mr. Lopez is baking bread. • Mr. Lopez is baking WHAT? “Bread” is a noun and it tells what he is baking, so “is baking” is transitive. • Mr. Lopez is baking this afternoon. • Mr. Lopez is baking WHAT? “This afternoon” is notwhat Mr. Lopez is baking (it tells when), so “is baking” is intransitive. S aux. v av

33. Transitive or Intransitive? Your Turn! S av aux. v S • Have Roland and Tracy left their coats? • Roland and Tracy have left WHAT? “Coats” is a noun and it tells what they left, so “have left” is transitive. • Have Roland and Tracy left yet? • Roland and Tracy have left WHAT? “Yet” is notwhat they left (it tells when), so “have left” is intransitive. S aux. v S av

34. Transitive or Intransitive? Your Turn! Label the subjects and verbs in these sentences. Tell whether the verbs are transitive or intransitive. • Melanie ate a baked potato. • Hector and Tom are reading. • They painted the house. • Did you carry his suitcase? • My plant grows quickly.