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Birth and Growth

Birth and Growth. Birth (parturition). 38 weeks of gestation is described as “full term” Gentle contractions of the uterus move the foetus into position. Labour then begins where contractions of the uterus wall expel the baby from the womb.

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Birth and Growth

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  1. Birth and Growth

  2. Birth (parturition) • 38 weeks of gestation is described as “full term” • Gentle contractions of the uterus move the foetus into position. • Labour then begins where contractions of the uterus wall expel the baby from the womb. • Uterine contractions are brought about by the hormone oxytocin secreted by the posterior pituitary.

  3. Induction • If birth needs to be induced, synthetic oxytocin is given to the mother to bring about labour (contractions of the uterus).

  4. Nutrition of New-born • After birth, the mother’s mammary glands produce milk. • The hormone prolactin stimulates lactation. • Milk is not released from the breasts until oxytocin is produced which causes contraction of the glands and ejection of the milk. • The first milk is called colostrum which is a nutrient fluid rich in antibodies. • After a few days normal milk is produced which contains fewer antibodies but is richer in lactose sugar and fat

  5. Contamination • Breast milk can be contaminated by organochlorines such as DDT which s found in pesticides. • These pass along the food chain and increase in conc.

  6. Patterns of Growth • Growth curve with 2 growth spurts following birth and at puberty. male female Body mass (kg) Growth spurt Growth spurt Time (years)

  7. Change in Body Proportions • Head size becomes smaller as the body develops, limbs become longer.

  8. Growth Rates of Body Parts • Brain and head grow and increase in size between the age of 0 and 12 years then remains the same size (no growth). • The reproductive organs increase in size rapidly from the age of 13 – 20 years (puberty)

  9. Growth Hormone • Growth hormone somatotrophin is produced by the anterior pituitary. • Promotes growth by; • Accelerating transport of amino acids into cells of tissues and bones. • Stimulates breakdown of fat for energy release.

  10. Effects of Somatotrophin • Under-production during adolescence – pituitary dwarfism. • Over-production during adolescence – giantism • Over-production during adulthood - acromegaly

  11. Adolescent growth spurt Infant growth spurt

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