1. Medieval Music Sacred and Secular music

2. Sacred vs. Secular • Sacred • Music used in religious services (Catholic, Protestant) • Secular • Music not used in religious services

3. Medieval Sacred Music • Holy Roman Catholic Church • Creation of written music • Used in the Mass (Catholic service) • Gregorian Chant • Monophonic

4. Medieval Sacred Music • Mass • Proper • Ordinary

5. Medieval Sacred Music • Mass Proper • Parts of the Mass whose words vary depending on the day in the church calendar • Introit: entrance music-Kyrie • Gradual: words from psalms • Alleluia: a somber chant during Lent • Offertory: a chant sung before communion • Communion

6. Medieval Sacred Music • Mass Ordinary • Parts of the Mass with invariable words • Kyrie • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aah_ITLw3R8 • Gloria • Credo: after the sermon • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yDortyyp228 • Sanctus: words are from Isaiah 6:3 • Agnus Dei: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9DebCLdf_c0

7. Characteristics of Chant Performance Practice • Responsorial: soloist alternates with the choir or congregation • Antiphonal: two halves of the choir alternate singing • Direct: no alternation

8. Characteristics of Chant Text Arrangement • Syllabic: chants in which almost every syllable has one note • Neumatic: chants in which each syllable has from one to six notes • Melismatic: chants that include melismas (long melodic passages on a single syllable)

9. Characteristics of Chant Participants of the Mass • Priests • Cantor • Choir

10. Hildegard of Bingen(1098-1179) • She had visions and became famous for her prophecies. She preached throughout Germany. She wrote prose works on science and healing • Even though women (nuns) were not allowed to participate in the Mass, Hildegard wrote music for Mass and liturgical dramas. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8yXJ0MDTI4Q&feature=related