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Chapter 19

Chapter 19. Early Latin America. Spain and Portugal. -Iberian Peninsula -Muslims and the Jews -Urban society -Commoners-New World Nobility? -Patriarchal - encomiendas -Slavery/Coerced Labor -Bureaucrats and the Church. Periods of Conquest and Colonization. Three periods of Conquest

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Chapter 19

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  1. Chapter 19 Early Latin America

  2. Spain and Portugal -Iberian Peninsula -Muslims and the Jews -Urban society -Commoners-New World Nobility? -Patriarchal -encomiendas -Slavery/Coerced Labor -Bureaucrats and the Church

  3. Periods of Conquest and Colonization • Three periods of Conquest • First 1492-1570-established authority, economies and administration • Second, 1570-1700-colonial institutions and society • Third, early 1700s-Indepedence (1820’s)

  4. Caribbean Model • Spanish use Columbus and others as model • Natives-Labor force • Divide up the land and labor-encomiendas • European pressures and disease on Natives • Iberian city planning • Royal administrations, professional magistrates, and the church. • Second Period of conquest-settlement (African slaves and women)-the search for gold slowed with sugar plantation and ranches became more abundant

  5. Conquest • Cortez- Aztecs and Mexico by 1535 • Pizarro-Incan empire 1535 • Others add to Spanish possession, de Coronado, Valdivia • 1570-192 Spanish settlements • The Conquerors-All walks of life • New nobility? • Share spoils with Crown • Bartolome de las Casas

  6. Native Groups • Large number destroyed by disease, war, exploitation and pressure • Central Mexico 25 to 2 million • Cities and new culture • Forced Labor • Encomiendas end by 1620s • Blending of cultures

  7. Economics • Sliver Mines In Mexico and Peru • Potosi in Bolivia • Crown Monopolies and native labor • Haciendas and Villages • Agricultural economies • Native labor • Trade and commerce • Controlled by Spain-Seville and Cadiz-powerful guilds • Galleons and Fleets

  8. Religion • Papal decision to give Spain lands in return for Christianization • Treaty of Tordesillas- Northern and Southern borders, as well as East/West. • Spain gets all new world but Brazil • Church clergy supports crown decisions • Also runs schools, churches, universities, etc • Priest found Christian villages, and serve a secular role as well

  9. Brazil • Not much interest at first (1500 Pedro Alvares Cabral) • Captainicies • Farms and Sugar Plantation with Native and African (slave) labor • Jesuits, Military action, disease • Leading producer of sugar • First Plantation Society

  10. Society in Brazil • White Planter elites linked to merchants and officials • ½ the population (by end of 17th Century) was African Slaves • Poor whites, mix origins, Indians, Africans (typically artisans) • Governor General and regional governors • Church similar to that of Spanish occupation

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