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Body Structure

Body Structure. Medical Terminology Chapter 5. Student Objectives. Define the levels of organization in the human body. Describe the disease process by defining terms associated with pathology. Identify four body planes. Relate organs to each body cavity. Student Objectives.

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Body Structure

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  1. Body Structure Medical Terminology Chapter 5

  2. Student Objectives • Define the levels of organization in the human body. • Describe the disease process by defining terms associated with pathology. • Identify four body planes. • Relate organs to each body cavity.

  3. Student Objectives • Describe the four quadrants • Describe radiology, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and ultrasonography. • Apply directional terms. • Identify combining forms, suffixes, and prefixes related to body structure.

  4. Student Objectives • Identify diagnostic, symptomatic, and therapeutic terms related to body structure. • Identify diagnostic procedures related to body structure.

  5. Student Objectives • Identify surgical and therapeutic procedures related to body structure. • Define the abbreviations related to body structure.

  6. Levels of Organization • Cells, Cytology • Tissues, Histology • epithelial • connective • muscle • nervous • Organs • Systems • Organism

  7. Disease Process • Disease, morbid • signs, objective • symptoms, subjective • homeostasis • pathology • etilogy • diagnosis, prognosis • idiopathic

  8. Body Planes • Imaginary horizontal and vertical lines • Easier to describe location of organ or problem

  9. Midline (midsagittal) Plane

  10. Coronal Plane

  11. Transverse Plane

  12. Ventral and Dorsal

  13. Ventral Cavity • contains body organs that maintain homeostasis • thoracic cavity • abdominal cavity • pelvic cavity

  14. Dorsal • cranial cavity • spinal cavity

  15. Divisions of the Abdomen • right upper quadrant RRQ • left upper quadrant LUQ • right lower quadrant RLQ • left lower quadrant LLQ

  16. Diagnostic Imaging • Radiography (x-ray) • Computed Tomography (CT scan) • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) • Ultrasonography

  17. The Spine • Cervical (neck) • Thoracic (chest) • Lumbar (loin) • Sacral (lower back) • Coccyx (tailbone)

  18. Body Directions

  19. Superficial and Deep

  20. Abduction and Adduction

  21. Lateral Bilateral Medial toward the side or away from the midline having two sides or both sides middle or towards the midline Lateral and Medial

  22. Superior and Inferior

  23. Proximal and Distal

  24. Anterior and Posterior

  25. Parietal and Visceral

  26. Prone and Supine • Inversion and Eversion • Palmar and Plantar

  27. Combining Forms Denoting... • Cellular Structure • Anatomical Directions • Regions of the Body • Colors • Body Structure

  28. Suffixes - Review • -genesis • -gnosis • -gram • -graph • -graphy • -pathy

  29. Prefixes - Review • Ab- • ad- • all- • infra- • peri- • super- • trans- • ultra-

  30. Diagnostic, Symptomatic and Therapeutic Terms • Ablation • adhesion • dehiscence • nuclear medicine • polyp • radiopharmaceutical • sepsis • suppurative

  31. Diagnostic Procedures • Digital radiography • fluoroscopy • magnetic resonance angiography • magnetic resonance imaging • positron emission tomography • sonography • stereoradiography

  32. Surgical,Therapeutic Procedures • Anastomosis • biopsy • cauterize • curettage • frozen section • incision and drainage • laser surgery • ligation • resection • radical dissection

  33. Abbreviations • AP • CNS • CT scan, CAT scan • CV • Dx • GI • GU

  34. Abbreviations • GU • I & D • LAT • LLQ, LUQ, RLQ, RUQ • MRI • MS • PA • sono • U/L

  35. End Chapter Five

  36. Peritoneum • parietal • visceral • mesentery • retroperitoneal • peritonitis

  37. Genetic Disorder / Hereditary Disorder Any disease or condition caused by defective genes. cystic fibrosis Down syndrome (trisomy 21) hemophilia muscular dystrophy

  38. Congenital disorder Is present at birth or existing at the time of birth. Gene abnormalities account for about 5 percent of congenital heart disease. fetal alcohol syndrome congenital anomaly

  39. Histology • Epithelial • epithelium - external surfaces - epi • endothelium - internal surfaces - endo • Connective • bones and cartilage • adipose • Nervous

  40. - plasia • aplasia-lack of development of organ/tissue • hypoplasia-incomplete development • hyperplasia-abnormal increase in number of normal cells in normal tissue arrangement • dysplasia-abnormal development or growth • anaplasia - change in structure of cells and in their orientation to each other--characteristic of malignancy

  41. Neoplasm (tumor) Any abnormal new growth of tissue in which the multiplication of cells is uncontrolled, more rapid than normal, and progressive. ne/o - means new or strange • benign - usually not recurring, not malignant • malignant - tending to spread, life-threatening

  42. Glands • Exocrine • Endocrine endo -inside crine - to secrete exo - out of

  43. Pathology and Procedures • adenosis • adenitis • adenomalacia • adenosclerosis • adenoma • adenectomy

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