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In the Beginning …

In the Beginning …. A Crash C ourse of the First 200,000 years of Human History. Periodization. Period 1 – to c. 600 BCE AP uses BCE & CE for texts, course, and exam c. (circa) – means “approximately ” 600 BCE – by this time the world has seen the following: How societies originated

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In the Beginning …

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  1. In the Beginning … A Crash Course of the First 200,000 years of Human History

  2. Periodization • Period 1 – to c. 600 BCE • AP uses BCE & CE for texts, course, and exam • c. (circa) – means “approximately” • 600 BCE – by this time the world has seen the following: • How societies originated • What people did to make societies work • Rules/hierarchies/governments • The world’s first empires have existed

  3. Human Migrations • Turn to page 14 in text

  4. Examples of Cultural Exchange • Clovis Culture of America • Name comes from the Clovis point, a kind of projectile point

  5. Examples of Cultural Exchange • Australian Aboriginal Societies • Continent-wide trade in stones, pigment, wood • Transmission of songs, dances, myths, & rituals

  6. Examples of Cultural Exchange • Creation of “Venus figurines”- earliest dated at least 35,000 years ago

  7. Environmental Impacts • Accelerated extinction of mega-fauna • Mammoths, giant wombats, saber-toothed tigers, emus, wild horses • Scorch & burn hunting – selection of desirable plants and animals • Introduction of new plant and animal species (Oceania)

  8. The First Human Societies • Societies were small, bands of 25–50 people • Very low population density and population growth

  9. The First Human Societies • Were seasonally mobile or nomadic • Moved in regular patterns to exploit wild plants and animals • Because of mobility; couldn’t accumulate goods • Societies were highly egalitarian • Most free people in human existence? • No specialists, most people had the same skills • Relationships between women and men were far more equal than in later societies

  10. The First Human Societies • Hunting & gathering peoples used to be regarded as “primitive” and impoverished • They worked fewer hours on average than modern people (17 hours a week) • Wanted or needed little material goods • Life expectancy was low (35 years on average)

  11. The Realm of the Spirit • It is difficult to decipher the spiritual world of Paleolithic peoples • Contemporary gathering and hunting peoples may not reflect ancient experience • Leads to much speculation and interpretation of art and ritual objects

  12. The Realm of the Spirit • Rich ceremonial life • Led by part-time shamans– spiritual leaders • Wide varieties of belief • Supernatural beings that influenced the world • Impersonal forces of nature that guided life • Venus figurines – religion may have been strongly feminine, with great goddesses or fertility worship • Cyclical view of time

  13. Eurasian Migration • Left hundreds of cave paintings:

  14. Eurasian Migration

  15. Eurasian Migration

  16. Eurasian Migration

  17. Australian Migration

  18. Eurasian Migration

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