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Past Exam Question

Past Exam Question. Remember this was an A4 sheet! So your answer should be approx half!. Ventilation - Inspiration. Lung volume increases. External intercostals contract Internal intercostals relax. Ribs pulled up and out. Diaphragm flattens. Atmospheric pressure greater

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Past Exam Question

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  1. Past Exam Question Remember this was an A4 sheet! So your answer should be approx half!

  2. Ventilation - Inspiration Lung volume increases External intercostals contract Internal intercostals relax Ribs pulled up and out Diaphragm flattens Atmospheric pressure greater Lung pressure less INSPIRATION – air forced into lungs

  3. Ventilation - Expiration Lung volume decreases Internal intercostals contract External intercostals relax Ribs move down and in Diaphragm relaxes into ‘dome’ Lung pressure greater Atmospheric pressure less EXPIRATION – air forced out of lungs

  4. Label the Lungs

  5. Tuberculosis Bacteria inhaled by person not immune to it Bacteria start to reproduce in upper lung where plenty of oxygen Immune system responds, phagocytes arrive and ingest bacteria Usually in young children In healthy, more resistant people Primary Infection Lymph nodes that drain area of lungs become inflammed and enlarged – Few symptoms and the infection is controlled, but some bacteria remain Many years later bacteria re-emerge in a second infection Post-Primary Infection (may not happen) More difficult to control. Lung tissue damaged, scar tissue forms Lung tissue and blood coughed up,without treatment can fatally spread throughout body

  6. Lung Structure

  7. TB Exam Question

  8. (b) After 4 minutes of exercise, the breathing rate was 20 breaths per minute. Explain how you could use this information and the graph to calculate tidal volume. (c) When a person starts to breathe out, the percentage of oxygen in the air first exhaled is the same as the percentage of oxygen in the atmospheric air. Explain why.

  9. Answers • Immediate/rapid increase, steady rise and plateau clearly identified; Ignore references to rest period if clearly identified as such 1 • Find value of pulmonary ventilation from graph / 26-28; Divide by breathing rate/20; 2 • Air is from nose/trachea/bronchi/not been in alveoli/dead space; Gas exchange/diffusion only in alveoli / not in these structures; 2

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