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Classification

Classification. Classification of Living Organisms. Identified by traits Organize life’s diversity Over 1.7 million species on Earth Taxonomy Naming and classifying organisms Scientific Nomenclature. Scientific Nomenclature. Carl Linnaeus 1750, the binomial nomenclature

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Classification

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  1. Classification

  2. Classification of Living Organisms • Identified by traits • Organize life’s diversity • Over 1.7 million species on Earth • Taxonomy • Naming and classifying organisms • Scientific Nomenclature

  3. Scientific Nomenclature • Carl Linnaeus • 1750, the binomial nomenclature • 2 word system that includes the genus and species • Genus represents the “noun” • Species represents the “adjective” • Scientific name • No two different species have the same name

  4. Rules for Using Scientific Names • 2 latin or latin-like terms • All members of the genus share the genus name • Second term is descriptive, species • Genus is capitalized and species lower case • Both terms italicized or underlined

  5. Linnaean system • Classified all plants and animals • Organisms are grouped based on their similarities in their form and structure • Eight basic levels of modern classification

  6. Eight basic levels of modern classification • Domain • Kingdom – encompasses large groups • Phylum • Class • Order • Family • Genus – uniquely shared traits within a family • Species – unique group of organisms united by heredity or interbreeding

  7. Humans Classification • Domain Eukarya • Kingdom Animalia • Phylum Chordata • Class Mammalia • Order Primates • Family Homidae • Genus Homo or Homo • Species sapiens or sapiens

  8. Phylogenetics(Systemics) • Ancestral relationships between species. • Created a “family tree” that links ancestor and descendant across 1000s of generations • Judging relatedness; grouping organisms by similarities can be subjective.

  9. Cladistics • Analysis that infers ancestral relationship between species (phylogenetics) through comparison of shared characteristics • Objective way to sort relatedness; • Morphology • molecular make-up • order and time of existence

  10. Illustrating RelationshipsPhylogenetic tree • Constructing Cladograms • Organisms are grouped together through the identification of shared derived characteristic. • Derived – evolved in one group but not in the other • All groups that arise from one point are related by a single ancestral lineage. • Shared characteristics between different groups of organisms.

  11. Pg 429 in textbook

  12. Kingdoms and Domains pg 433 • Carl Linnaeus had created a way to catalogue organisms with binomial nomenclature • Plants and Animals • Needed more detail • From 2 to 6 kingdoms; • Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia • Cell type, cell walls, body type, nutrition, and genetics • Divided into 3 Domains; Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya

  13. Prokaryote or Eukaryote • Archaea and Bacteria • Eubacteria and Archaebacteria • No true nucleus or organelles • Unicellular, autotroph or heterotroph • Eukarya • Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia • Complex cells, true nucleus and organelles • Unicellular or multicellular • Heterotroph or autotroph • With or without cell walls (cellulose or chitin)

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