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Slavery, Freedom, and British Empire in the Colonial Period

Olaudah Equano 1789 The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano Challenges to image of Africa and Africans Represents expansion and freedom Atlantic World: Bridge between Old and New Worlds Flow of ideas, people, and goods

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Slavery, Freedom, and British Empire in the Colonial Period

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  1. OlaudahEquano • 1789 The Interesting Narrative of the Life of OlaudahEquiano • Challenges to image of Africa and Africans • Represents expansion and freedom • Atlantic World: Bridge between Old and New Worlds • Flow of ideas, people, and goods • Culture, laws and political institutions reflect European powers • 18th century- Height of slave trade • 1700-1775- 280,000 slaves out of 585,000 persons • Contradictions in British America • Liberty for whom? Slavery, Freedom, and British Empire in the Colonial Period

  2. The World the Slaveholders Made • World Commerce-slave trade • Asiento- Spanish • Treaty of Utrecht 1713 (Dutch) • Atlantic Trade (First Lecture Notes) • Triangular Trade routes • Caribbean- seasoning process • Tobacco, Indigo, Rice, Sugar • Sir William Dunbar of Natchez, MS and Jamaica • Middle Passage: “the door of no return…” • 1762- Quaker Abolitionist John Woolman #1: Slavery and Empire

  3. Gunpowder Empires (First Lecture Notes) • European supply of weapons to African societies • African Rulers Involvement in Triangular Slave Trade • Played Europeans against one another • Collected taxes from foreign merchants • Sold captives to European traders • Consequences (First Lecture Notes: Portuguese) • Disruption of African society • Cheap imports/traditional crafts • Militarized states • Loss of people weakened and distorted West Africa Africa and the Slave Trade

  4. What is a slave society VS a society with slaves? • The Chesapeake • Tobacco-based plantation slavery • Consolidation of the Elite • South Carolina and Georgia • Rice-based plantation slavery • Indigenous slavery • Rice Kingdom • The Experiment in Georgia • New England and Middle Colonies • No plantations • Slavery and the Law • Enhancement of master’s power • Violence • Race as a social division • Free-Blacks in Virginia Slavery in the Colonies

  5. Development of Free-Black Communities • Philadelphia • “In the Shadow of Slavery…” New York • Colonial Life • Work patterns • Differences of Law • Marriages • Testify in Court • Own property/Pass along rights Slavery in the North

  6. In the Nether World… • Charter generations (Ira Berlin) • Abduhl Rahman, Natchez, Mississippi • Process of creating cohesive culture • 19th century- identify as African Americans • Creoles: Slaves born in the New World • The World the Slave Made… • John Blassingame and Eugene Genovese • Slave quarters and Family • South Carolina and Georgia • The Gullah • Enslaved Women • Code Noir • Slave religion • Syncretic religions- Catholicism and Vodu. Candoble Slave Culture

  7. The Turning Point…The Haitian Revolution, 1791-1804 (Part of the Revolutionary Period: 1760s through the 1790s) • Boukman and a ceremony in Bois Caïman… • Situation in 1789: social hierarchy • “Declaration of Rights of Man” • Vincent Oge • Slave revolt against French masters • Key Leaders • Toussaint L’ Ouverture • Jean-Jacques Dessalines • Second and Third Phases of Revolution • Civil War, Economic and Political instability • Impact on Slavery in North America • Restrictive Laws

  8. #2: Creating a British Empire: Mechanisms for Freedom • British Patriotism • Symbolism • Economy • Religious • British Constitution • Identity and Concept of Liberty • Slavery and Liberty • Contempt of Foreigners • Language • General right to resist

  9. Political Ideals in the Anglo-American World • Republican Liberty • Public and Social Quality • Virtue • “Country Party” • Britain: luxury and political manipulation • Liberal Freedom (Liberalism) • Private and Individual • John Locke • Opinions about women • Exclusions to universal right of liberty

  10. Colonial Policies and the Public Sphere • The Right to Vote • Colonial Politics • Law verses Custom: Free Blacks • Political Culture • Competitive- Middle Colonies • Appointive verses elected • Property Qualifications • Wealth, Education, Social Prominence=right to public office • Colonial Government • Salutary neglect • The Rise of Assemblies • Pennsylvania

  11. Politics and the Press in Public Space • Language and the Political Nation • Dominated by gentry • Expansion of public sphere • Literary, Philosophical, Scientific, Political • Benjamin Franklin and the Junto • American Philosophical Association • The Colonial Press • Market for printed material • Circulating libraries • Colonial newspapers • Freedom of Expression • Freedom of speech: 16th century Britain • Freedom of press: viewed as dangerous/discouraged

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