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Where is the Universe?

Where is the Universe?. Cosmological Questions. Temporal Spatial Compositional Teleological. Behind physics is the more ancient and honorable tradition of attempts to understand where the world came from, where it is going, and why. P. J. E. Peebles. Early Conceptions. Babylonian

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Where is the Universe?

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  1. Where is the Universe?

  2. Cosmological Questions • Temporal • Spatial • Compositional • Teleological Behind physics is the more ancient and honorable tradition of attempts to understand where the world came from, where it is going, and why. P. J. E. Peebles

  3. Early Conceptions • Babylonian • Egyptian • Hebraic • Pre-Socratic • Aristotelian

  4. Geocentric/Aristotelian • Principle of Plenitude • Quintessence

  5. Medieval • Dante’s‘Moral’Cosmology • Geocentric • Theology based

  6. Copernican Cosmos

  7. Matter & Space

  8. Created? Changing? M a y b e . . . . . DEFINITELY NOT! So, the Universe is……

  9. Geometry 0 • Uniform: homogeneous & isotropic • Congruence geometry • Euclidean (Euclid) • Spherical (Riemann) • Hyperbolic (Gauss, Lobachevski, Bolyai)

  10. Geometry 1 • Euclidean • 1 parallel • Triangle: 180o • C = π D

  11. Geometry 2 • Spherical • 0 parallels • Triangle: >180o • C < π D

  12. Geometry 3 • Hyperbolic • ∞ parallels • Triangle: <180o • C > π D

  13. Geometry Affects Appearance • Euclidean • Spherical • Hyperbolic

  14. Einstein • Special Relativity • Space-Time • General Relativity • Mass curves Spacetime • Solutions of Einstein’s Field Equations • Evolving universe • Cosmological constant

  15. Evolving Universes

  16. How much can we see?

  17. Hubble’s Law • V = H0 D

  18. Everything recedes from everything!

  19. Abundance of Light Isotopes

  20. Cosmic MicrowaveBackground Radiation

  21. Tiny (significant) Fluctuations

  22. Hot Big Bang Model

  23. Problems • Horizon problem • Flatness problem • ‘Goldilocks’ problem • More?

  24. Inflation Ω = 1

  25. Dark Matter: The Evidence • ‘Peculiar’ motion of stars (Oort) • Coma cluster (Zwicky) ClusterSim • Galaxy rotation GalRot • Galaxy clusters • Superclusters NGC3198

  26. Baryonic MACHOs Planets Brown dwarfs Red dwarfs Black holes Hot gas Non-Baryonic HDM Neutrinos CDM WIMPs Axions Photinos Quark nuggets Dark Matter: What is it? Dark Matter Not Dark Matter

  27. What’s the Matter?

  28. Accidents Happen

  29. Find the Supernova

  30. How It’s Done

  31. Supernovae • SNAP

  32. CMB • Penzias/Wilson • COBE • Boomerang • WMAP

  33. Cosmological constant (Λ) or vacuum energy constant Quintessence Dynamic Evolving Spatially dependent Dark Energy • k-essence • “tracker” fields • predicted by some particle physics theories

  34. What’s the Universe?

  35. Putting It All Together

  36. Recipe for Our Universe

  37. History of Universe Cubs return to World Series

  38. Whither the Universe? 2 BY 6 BY 14 BY 24 BY 33 BY 44 BY 65 BY 75 BY

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