1. Cryogenic insulation Yingxia Qi (祁影霞） E-mail: peggyqi@yahoo.cn

2. Cryogenic Insulation Technologies CHAPTER ONE

3. Engineered Material Solutions CTD is a unique company where the development of original materials is fused with incisive engineering to provide innovative solutions for our customers’ technology and system needs. Electrical and Thermal Insulation Elastic Memory Composites Composite Pressure Vessels & Tanks

4. Product Development Tools

5. Insulation Development Goals

6. Enabling Program Success • Insulation Product Lines - Epoxy-based systems • 100-series • 500-series - Cyanate Esters • 400-series - Ceramic-based systems • 1000-series • 1200-series • Design Considerations - Mechanical performance at cryogenic & elevated temperatures - Dielectric strength - Large-scale manufacturability - Radiation resistance

7. ITER CS Model Coil • The ITER Central Solenoid (CS) Model Coil - Successfully tested in Japan • One of the world’s largest superconducting magnets • Coil ramped to 13T; no training or quench was observed • CTD-112P pre-preg epoxy is the primary insulation! • CTD developed radiation-resistant glass/epoxy insulation for use in ITER superconducting magnets. • Met ITER property requirements after exposure to >109 Rads • CTD developed insulation application processes and provided extensive engineering and material testing support

8. • Design for manufacturability - Low viscosity - Long pot life - Thermosetting resins • Enhanced performance - High mechanical strength at cryogenic temperatures - High dielectric strengths - Thermal shock resistance - Radiation resistance • Impregnation systems - CTD-101K (epoxy) - CTD-403 (cyanate ester) NCSX coil High-Field Magnets

9. Insulation Performance

10. Wind-and-React Fabrication of Nb3Sn Magnets

11. Enhanced Strain in Ceramic-Composite Insulation CTD-CF-200 reinforcement CTD-1202X and CTD-403 matrix

12. Efficient Insulation Application • CTD-1202X pre-ceramic resin - Reduces resin cost by ~75% - Qualification at FermiLab for use in accelerator magnets • Continuous insulation of wires and cables - Reduces cost of insulation application - Simplifies magnet construction - Reduces insulation thickness by 50% • Future plans - Process scale-up - Fabricate prototype devices

13. Insulation Characterization • Mechanical Test Capabilities - 22 and 100 kip load frames - Testing from 4 to 473 K - Test fixtures • Designed to ASTM Standards • Analytical Tools - Dynamic Mechanical Analysis - Differential Scanning Calorimeter - Optical microscopy • Electrical Testing - Dielectric breakdown voltage - Dielectric withstand voltage

14. Collaborating with CTD • Insulation Expertise - Material selection - Processing procedures and specifications • Magnet Insulation Needs - Materials - Testing - Processing - Application • Cooperative Research - Industry worldwide - US national laboratories - US government “Enabling Technology for the Superconductor Industry”