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Understanding RNA: Structure, Types, and Function in Protein Synthesis

RNA (Ribonucleic Acid) is a crucial macromolecule made from nucleotides, distinct from DNA. Unlike DNA, RNA is single-stranded, contains ribose instead of deoxyribose, and uses uracil in place of thymine. There are three main types of RNA: messenger RNA (mRNA), which carries instructions from DNA; transfer RNA (tRNA), which brings amino acids for protein synthesis; and ribosomal RNA (rRNA), which forms part of the ribosome where translation occurs. RNA is synthesized through transcription in the nucleus before moving to the cytoplasm for protein assembly.

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Understanding RNA: Structure, Types, and Function in Protein Synthesis

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Presentation Transcript

  1. RNA 12.3

  2. What is RNA? • Macromolecule made of nucleotides from DNA • Used to build proteins.

  3. RNA is different from DNA • Single stranded • Uracil replaces Thymine • Ribose instead of deoxyribose • Can leave the nucleus

  4. 3 types of RNA 1.) mRNA • m=messenger • Long, stringy (like a snake) • Function - Carries the instructions from the nucleus to the cytoplasm to initiate translation • Codons = sequences of 3 bases • Made during transcription

  5. 2.) tRNA • t= transfer • Shaped like a “hair pin” or a T • Responsible for bringing the amino acids for translation • Contains “anti-codons” that match up with mRNA temporarily

  6. 3.) rRNA • rRNA = ribosomal • Structurally part of the ribosome organelle • Site of translation • Globular shaped

  7. RNA is made through “Transcription” • RNA is made in the nucleus like DNA replication

  8. Review the steps • Transcription • Unzip one gene in DNA • Match up bases to one side of a gene in DNA • mRNA detaches from the DNA • mRNA moves out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm

  9. Steps in transcription • Making of RNA from DNA in the nucleus • Initiationat the promoter site by RNApolymerase opens up the DNA molecule • Elongation adds new RNA bases, including Uracil, down the exposed DNA bases • Termination occurs when RNA polymerase hits the “stop” signal and detaches the new single strand of RNA • http://207.207.4.198/pub/flash/26/transmenu_s.swf

  10. In RNA: A binds with U C binds with G DNA strand: GAG AAC TAG TAC RNA: CUC UUG AUC AUG

  11. Animation 1 • http://www.stolaf.edu/people/giannini/flashanimat/molgenetics/transcription.swf • Animation 2 • http://staff.concord.org/~btinker/workbench_web/models/eukTranscription.swf

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