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The U.S. Enters into WWI

The U.S. Enters into WWI. “He Kept Us Out of War”. Election of 1916. Democrats: Wilson No War! Republicans: Charles Evan Hughes Freedom of the Seas Hughes? Wilson? Hughes? Wilson?. The End Neutrality. January 22, 1917: Wilson calls for a “league for peace.”

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The U.S. Enters into WWI

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  1. The U.S. Enters into WWI “He Kept Us Out of War”

  2. Election of 1916 • Democrats: Wilson • No War! • Republicans: Charles Evan Hughes • Freedom of the Seas • Hughes? Wilson? Hughes? Wilson?

  3. The End Neutrality • January 22, 1917: Wilson calls for a “league for peace.” • Germany: Responds with unrestricted submarine warfare. • Wilson: Wait for overt acts. • Zimmerman Note: German telegram, intercepted by Britain, alliance between Germany and Mexico. • April 2, 1917: Wilson’s War Resolution. • April 4, 1917: Senate passes. • April 6, 1917: House passes.

  4. America Enters the War • Need troops! • 200,000 men in service at the start. • Out-of-date weapons. • 55 planes. • 130 pilots. • Militarization: • May 1917: Selective Service Act. • 1918: 24 million conscripts. • 3 million called up. • 2 million reach Europe. • 13,000 women in non-combat positions. • 369th Infantry Regiment: African-American.

  5. Americans in Combat • How do we get to Europe? • Bridge to France: • Ships, ships, and more ships. • How do we help Europe? • Breaking the Blockade: • Convoy system: Merchant ships protected by destroyers. • Fight in Europe: • Fresh troops. • Pershing and the American Expeditionary Forces (AEF). • “Doughboys.” • Independent, Aggressive forces.

  6. American Turns the Tide of War • American troops stop Germany at the Western Front: • July and August 1918: Second Battle of the Marne. • September 1918: Offensives against Germany. • 48,000 men lost in battle, 62,000 die of disease. • New Weapons: • Counteract Big Bertha, the machine gun and the Zeppelin with…. • The tank (British) and the airplane = mechanized warfare. • Observation balloons?

  7. Collapse of Germany • November 3, 1918: The Grand Fleet mutinies. • November 9, 1918: German people rebel and overthrow the Kaiser. SO… • 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month of 1918… • Armistice! • General Foch stops fighting. • Germany agrees to a cease fire.

  8. Effects of War • 4 years. • 30 nations. • 26 million deaths: • 13 million starvation, disease, and exposure. • 20 million wounded. • 10 million refugees. • $350 billion dollars. • “Made the world safe for democracy?”

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