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Splash Screen. Chapter Preview Section 1: Deviance and Social Control Section 2: Functionalism and deviance Section 3: Symbolic Interactionism and Deviance Section 4: Conflict Theory and Deviance Section 5: Crime and Punishment. Chapter Menu. Chapter Preview · Section 1.

deborah-lancaster
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  1. Splash Screen

  2. Chapter Preview Section 1: Deviance and Social Control Section 2: Functionalism and deviance Section 3: Symbolic Interactionism and Deviance Section 4: Conflict Theory and Deviance Section 5: Crime and Punishment Chapter Menu

  3. Chapter Preview · Section 1 Deviance and Social Control (pages 204–208) Deviance is the violation of social norms. It is difficult to define because not everyone agrees on what should be considered deviant behavior. Chapter Preview 1

  4. Chapter Preview · Section 2 Functionalism and Deviance (pages 209–213) According to functionalists, deviance has both negative and positive consequences for society. Functionalism also forms the basis for two important theories of deviance: strain theory and control theory. Chapter Preview 2

  5. Chapter Preview · Section 3 Symbolic Interactionism and Deviance(pages 214–217) The symbolic interactionist perspective yields two theories of deviance. We learned in Chapter 3 that culture is learned. Sociologists believe that deviance is also culturally transmitted. Labeling theory holds that an act is deviant only if other people deem it so. Chapter Preview 3

  6. Chapter Preview · Section 4 Conflict Theory and Deviance (pages 218–223) The conflict perspective looks at deviance in terms of social inequality and power. The most powerful members of a society determine who is regarded as a deviant. Conflict theorists point out the relationship between minorities and crime. Chapter Preview 4

  7. Chapter Preview · Section 5 Crime and Punishment (pages 224–232) Crime statistics in the U.S. come from two major sources: the FBI and the Census Bureau. Four approaches to crime control are deterrence, retribution, incarceration, and rehabilitation. Chapter Preview 5

  8. Chapter Preview-End

  9. Deviance is the violation of social norms. It is difficult to define because not everyone agrees on what should be considered deviant behavior. Section 1-Preview

  10. deviance negative deviance positive deviance deviant social control social sanctions Section 1-Key Terms

  11. A B C D Do you think all illegal activity is deviant behavior? A.Strongly agree B.Somewhat agree C. Somewhat disagree D.Disagree Section 1-Polling Question

  12. The Nature of Deviance • The term deviance refers to behavior that departs from societal or group norms. • It is a subjective term, or a matter of social definition. Section 1

  13. The Nature of Deviance (cont.) • Negative deviance involves behavior that fails to meet accepted norms. • Positive deviance involves overconformity to norms, which leads to imbalance and extremes of perfectionism. Two Types of Youth Deviance Section 1

  14. The Nature of Deviance (cont.) • A deviant is a person who has violated one or more of society’s most highly valued norms. Section 1

  15. A B C D Is constantly washing your hands a positive or negative deviance? A.Positive B.Negative C. Both D.Neither Section 1

  16. Social Control • Without social control—ways to promote conformity to norms—social life would be unpredictable, even chaotic. Section 1

  17. Social Control (cont.) • Types of social control: • Internal social control lies within the individual; we know the difference between right and wrong due to the socialization process. • External social control is based on sanctions (formal and informal)—rewards or punishments designed to encourage desired behavior. Section 1

  18. Social Control (cont.) • Social sanctions are rewards or punishments designed to encourage desired behavior. • There are both positive and negative sanctions. Violent Crime Section 1

  19. A B C D Which is a formal negative sanction? A. Gossip B.Ridicule C. Smiling at someone D.Imprisonment Section 1

  20. Section 1-End

  21. According to functionalists, deviance has both negative and positive consequences for society. Functionalism also forms the basis for two important theories of deviance: strain theory and control theory. Section 2-Preview

  22. anomie strain theory control theory Section 2-Key Terms

  23. A B C Do you agree that deviance can have positive effects on society? A.Agree B.Disagree C. Not sure Section-Polling Question

  24. Costs and Benefits of Deviance • Negative effects of deviance: • It erodes trust. • It can cause nonconforming behavior in others. • It is expensive. Section 2

  25. Costs and Benefits of Deviance (cont.) • Benefits of deviance: • It clarifies norms by exercising social control to defend its values. • It can be a temporary safety valve or relieve societal pressures. • It increases unity within a society or group. • It promotes needed social change. Section 2

  26. A B C D Do you use any of the following as a way to relieve pressure from authority figures? A.Listen to music B.Wear unique clothes C. Watch television D.Other Section 2

  27. Strain Theory • Anomie is a social condition in which norms are weak, conflicting, or absent. Section 2

  28. Strain Theory (cont.) • Strain theory is most likely to occur when there is a gap between culturally desirable goals, such as money and prestige, and a legitimate way of obtaining them. • Conformity is when people accept the goal and the means to achieve it. Merton’s Strain Theory Section 2

  29. Strain Theory (cont.) • These four responses to strain are considered deviant even though they might display conformity: • Innovation—illegal means used to achieve success • Ritualism—success rejected, but legitimate means still used Section 2

  30. Strain Theory (cont.) • Retreatism—both goals and means rejected • Rebellion—rejected goals and means, but a new set of goals and means formed Section 2

  31. A B C D Which of the following is the most widespread response to strain? A.Innovation B.Ritualism C. Retreatism D.Rebellion Section 2

  32. Control Theory • According to Travis Hirschi’s control theory, conformity to social norms depends on the presence of strong bonds between individuals and society. Section 2

  33. Control Theory (cont.) • The social bond has four basic components: • Attachment • Commitment • Involvement • Belief Section 2

  34. A B C D Which basic element of social bonds do you think is most prevalent for conformity to social norms? A.Attachment B.Commitment C. Involvement D.Belief Section 2

  35. Section 2-End

  36. The symbolic interactionist perspective yields two theories of deviance. We read in Chapter 3 that culture is learned. Sociologists believe that deviance is a learned behavior that is culturally transmitted. Labeling theory holds that an act is deviant on if other people name it so. Section 3-Preview

  37. differential association theory labeling theory primary deviance secondary deviance stigma Section 3-Key Terms

  38. A B C Do you think petty theft is deviant behavior? A.Yes B.No C. Not sure Section 3-Polling Question

  39. Differential Association Theory • Differential association theory emphasizes the role of primary groups in transmitting deviance. Section 3

  40. Differential Association Theory (cont.) • Three characteristics affect differential association: • A person who spends considerable time with deviants is more likely to learn deviant behavior. • A person is more likely to copy deviant behavior from a significant other than from people less important to him or her. Section 3

  41. Differential Association Theory (cont.) • Younger children learn deviant behavior more quickly than older children. Section 3

  42. A B C Which characteristic do you think is most responsible for deviant behavior? A.The ration of deviant to nondeviant individuals B.Whether the deviant behavior is practiced by significant others C. The age of exposure Section 3

  43. Labeling Theory • Labeling theory explains why deviance is relative. Sometimes, if two people break the same norm, only one may be labeled a deviant. • Deviant behaviors are always a matter of social definition; they are relative. Section 3

  44. Labeling Theory (cont.) • Primary deviance is when a person engages only in isolated acts of deviance. • Secondary deviance refers to deviance as a lifestyle and as a personal identity. Section 3

  45. Labeling Theory (cont.) • Labeling has negative effects: • Stigma—an undesirable characteristic or label used by others to deny the deviant full social acceptance. Section 3

  46. A B C D Where do you think the majority of responsibility should be given to in the example of teenage pregnancy? A.Female B.Male C. Both D.Society Section 3

  47. Section 3-End

  48. The conflict perspective looks at deviance in terms of social inequality and power. The most powerful members of a society determine who will be regarded as a deviant. Conflict theorists point to some disproportional statistical relationships between minorities and crime. Section 4-Preview

  49. victim discounting white-collar crime Section 4-Key Terms

  50. A B C Do you think a suspect’s race is likely to have an impact on their treatment in the criminal justice system? A.Yes B.No C. Not sure Section 4-Polling Question

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