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Understanding Case-Control Studies: Design, Advantages, and Methodological Insights

This comprehensive overview delves into case-control studies within medical research. It elucidates key study designs, including descriptive and analytical approaches, and compares various methodologies such as cohort studies and randomized controlled trials. By detailing the retrospective nature of case-control studies, this guide highlights how they relate effects or outcomes to probable causes by comparing diseased individuals (cases) with unaffected individuals (controls). It also discusses the advantages and disadvantages of these studies, appraises methodological rigor, and emphasizes the importance of objective data collection and evidence of causation.

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Understanding Case-Control Studies: Design, Advantages, and Methodological Insights

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Understanding real research 2. Case control studies.

  2. What can studies do? Describe the situation: Descriptive. Explain the situation: Analytical. Compare approaches: Experimental.

  3. Study designs. • Descriptive • Cross-sectional, longitudinal. • Analytic • Case-control studies. • Cohort studies. • Quasi-experimental • Natural experiments, policy interventions. • Experimental • Randomised controlled trial.

  4. Study designs

  5. Past Present Future Cross-sectional Case-control Cohort From Altman. Practical Statistics for Medical Research, 1991.

  6. Case control studies: Key features. Retrospective, i.e. backward looking. Relate an effect or outcome to a probable cause. Individuals with disease (cases) compared to individuals without disease (controls).

  7. Case control study. From: http://library.downstate.edu/EBM2/2500.htm

  8. Advantages & disadvantages

  9. Appraising case control studies Methodological approach: Are cases and controls similar, except for exposure to the putative cause? Is collection of retrospective data objective? Is there evidence of “causation”? Statistical reporting: Type of data – influences statistical analysis. Reporting of risk.

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