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The South

The South . Antebellum. King Cotton. King Cotton. Prior to 1793, the Southern economy was weak: depressed prices, unmarketable resources, soil-ravaged lands, and a risky slave system Thomas Jefferson believed the institution would gradually die out . King Cotton. Cotton Gin (1793)….Impact:

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The South

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  1. The South Antebellum

  2. King Cotton

  3. King Cotton Prior to 1793, the Southern economy was weak: depressed prices, unmarketable resources, soil-ravaged lands, and a risky slave system Thomas Jefferson believed the institution would gradually die out

  4. King Cotton • Cotton Gin (1793)….Impact: • Explosion of slavery • Surpassed tobacco and rice • Enhanced trade

  5. Three Souths • Generalizations: • A) North • B) South • C) Mountain Whites

  6. Border States Delaware Maryland Kentucky Missouri

  7. Middle South Virginia North Carolina Tennessee Arkansas

  8. Lower South South Carolina Florida Georgia Alabama Mississippi Louisiana Texas

  9. Peculiar Institution • Planter Aristocracy – South was ruled politically and economically by wealthy plantation owners • Planters carried on “cavalier” tradition of early Virginia; it reflected its military academies • Plantation Institution • Risky: Required a heavy investment of capital • One-crop economy • Repelled large-scale European immigration

  10. Peculiar Institution: Plantation Slavery

  11. Peculiar Institution: Plantation Slavery Nearly 4 million slaves by 1860; quadrupled in number since 1800 Slaves seen as valuable assets and primary source of wealth Punishment often brutal to intimidate slaves not to defy master’s authority (harsh areas for slaves: LA, TX, MS, AL)

  12. History of Revolts Stono (1739): South Carolina slaves fled toward Florida killing whites; led to more oppression of slaves Gabriel Prosser (1800): Planned a Virginia slave revolt that did not materialize costing Prosser and 26 others their life Denmark Vesey ((1822): Mulatto in Charleston that planned a failed revolt

  13. Slave Revolts: Nat Turner

  14. Turner’s Impact Produced a wave of anxiety among southern plantation owners that resulted in harsh laws clamping down further on the slave institution Infuriated by abolitionists propaganda in the North as inciting slaves Biological racial superiority

  15. Demographics Generalizations Mountain Whites Free Blacks

  16. Abolitionism Definition: Movement in North that demanded immediate end to slavery American Colonization Society Liberia William Lloyd Garrison Angelina & Sarah Grimke Elijah Lovejoy Frederick Douglass

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