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Poliomyelitis

Poliomyelitis. Chris Berry. Polio is a childhood disease that was endemic until the 1880s. Polio is transmitted by the oral-oral or fecal-oral route. The “discovery” of polio occurred in two steps. Michael Underwood (1789) Jakob Heine (1840).

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Poliomyelitis

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  1. Poliomyelitis Chris Berry

  2. Polio is a childhood disease that was endemic until the 1880s

  3. Polio is transmitted by the oral-oral or fecal-oral route

  4. The “discovery” of polio occurred in two steps • Michael Underwood (1789) • Jakob Heine (1840)

  5. Karl Landsteiner, Erwin Poppin identified the virus that causes Polio in 1908

  6. Polio is a human enterovirus

  7. Viral Genome RNA dependent RNA polymerase Capsid proteins Proteins complex viral replication Binds viral RNA, synthesis of + and – RNA proteases

  8. The polio virus will leave the cell 4-6 hours after full assembly • 5-35 day incubation

  9. 95% of all polio cases are subclinical

  10. Clinical non-paralytic cases typically last 1-2 weeks

  11. Paralytic clinical infections occur less than1% of the time

  12. There is no cure for Polio

  13. Prevention is the key • Jonas Salk creates first vaccine (1952) • Injected inactivated virus

  14. Prevention is the key • Jonas Salk creates first vaccine (1952) • Injected inactivated virus • Albert Sabin creates second vaccine (1957) • Oral attenuated virus

  15. In 1988 there were over 350,000 cases in over 125 endemic countries

  16. To the Rescue Global Polio Eradication Initiative (1988)

  17. Troubles Arise

  18. More than 351 million children from 40 different countries were immunized in 2009

  19. There were only 1,352 cases worldwide as of 2010

  20. References • WHO, Poliomyelitis Facts Sheet • http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs114/en/ • Wikipedia, Polio • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polio • MedTV, Polio Transmission • http://polio.emedtv.com/polio/polio-transmission.html • Wikipedia, Poliomyelitis • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poliomyelitis • Wikipedia, Poliovirus • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poliovirus • Pub Med Health, Poliomyelitis • http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002375/ • Aylward, R.B. Eradicating Polio: today’s challenges and tomorrow’s legacy. • Global Polio Eradication Initiative, Data • http://www.polioeradication.org/Dataandmonitoring/Poliothisweek.aspx • Global Polio Eradication Initiative, Infected Countries • http://www.polioeradication.org/Infectedcountries.aspx

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