Warm Up: Why would it be important to not do any work on the Sabbath (holy day)?

1. Warm Up: Why would it be important to not do any work on the Sabbath (holy day)? Monday, 10-14

2. Objective: • I will be able to compare and contrast two religions using a Venn diagram by looking for differences and similarities.

3. Way of Life • The Jewish place of worship is called a Synagogue • The religious leader of a Jewish community is called a Rabbi • Unlike leaders in many other faiths, a rabbi is not a priest; he is a teacher of the Torah. • The Jewish holy day, or Sabbath(Shabbat), starts at sunset on Friday and continues until sunset on Saturday • During the Sabbath, Jews do not work(drive, cook, etc.)

4. Kosher Foods • Foods are kosher when they meet all criteria that Jewish law applies to food • Characteristics that make a food non-kosher: • the mixture of meat and milk • the use of cooking utensils which had previously been used for non-kosher food • The type of animal it is

5. Kosher animals are as follows: • Cows, goats, sheep, antelope, deer, giraffes, okapis and pronghorns • Most fish(excluding shellfish, sharks, octopus, eels and squid) • Chicken, duck, turkey • Milk and cheese are kosher but cannot be eaten with meat or mixed with meat. • Preparation • the slaughter of animals is designed to minimize the pain—usually done by a slice across the throat • this eliminates the practice of hunting for food unless it can be captured alive and ritually slaughtered. • All blood and veins must be removed from meat(salting and broiling are common methods)

6. 7 Holy Days • Rosh Hashanah -Jewish New Year • Yom Kippur -Aday of fasting and praying which occurs 10 days after the first day of Rosh Hashanah. The holiest day in the year • Sukkot - 8 day festival of thanksgiving • Hanukkah -The Feast of Lights is an 8 day Feast of Dedication. It recalls the war fought by the Maccabees in the cause of religious freedom  • Purim -The Feast of Lots recalls the defeat by Queen Esther of the plan to slaughter all of the Persian Jews, circa 400 BC • Pesa(Passover) - The 8 day festival recalls the exodus of the Israelites from slavery in Egypt circa 1300 BCE. A holiday meal, the Seder, is held at home • Shavouth -Pentecost recalls God's revelation of the Torah to the Jewish people

7. Symbols • Menorah-It is a symbol of the nation of Israel and a mission to be "a light unto the nations. • A Yarmulke is worn during prayer to show respect to G_d • The Star of David is the international symbol of Judaism

8. Islam • Islam is the world's second most followed religion • It began around 1400 years ago in Arabia, but swiftly become a world faith, and now has around 1.6 billion people • "Islam" is an Arabic word which means “surrendering oneself to the will of God” • One will achieve peace and security by doing so • A person surrenders to the will of Allah by living and thinking in the way Allah has instructed.Islam is more than a system of beliefs. • The faith provides a social and legal system and governs things like family life, law and order, ethics, dress, and cleanliness, as well as religious ritual and observance

9. Task • Compare and Contrast Christianity with Judaism using a Venn Diagram.

10. Other Info • The Qur’an is the Islamic holy book • Mecca, Medina, and Jerusulem are holy cities • According to tradition, the Qur'an was dictated to Muhammad • Two major sects • Sunni • The Sunnis believe that Muhammad did not specifically appoint a successor to lead the Muslim • 70% - 90% of Muslims • Shiite • believe that his family, the Ahl al-Bayt (the "People of the House"), including his descendants known as Imams, have special spiritual and political rule over the community • believe that Muhammad's cousin and son-in-law, was the first of these Imams and was the rightful successor to Muhammad • 10% - 20% of Muslims

11. Where is Islam practiced? • The countries with the largest Islamic populations are not in the Middle East • The largest are Indonesia (204 million), Pakistan (178 million), Bangladesh (148 million), and India (177 million) • Islam's three holiest places, the cities of Mecca, Medina and Jerusalem, are all in the Middle East

12. Beginnings of Islam • The present form of Islam began in Arabia in 622 AD. • It is based on the ministry of a man named Muhammad and on the words that Allah gave to the world through him. • Muhammad did not found Islam. Islam was created by Allah at the beginning of time, and in fact Muslims regard Adam as the first Muslim. • Muhammad was the final messenger through whom Allah revealed the faith to the world. • There had been earlier messengers, among them Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses and Jesus.

13. 5 Pillars of Islam 1. Shahada (witness) is the Muslim profession of faith - "I witness that there is no god but Allah, and that Muhammad is the prophet of Allah" • Muslims say this when they wake up in the morning and just before they go to sleep at night 2. Salat (daily prayer) is a prayer ritual performed 5 times a day by all Muslims over the age of 10 3. Sawm (fasting) is abstaining each day during Ramadan 4. Zakat (almsgiving) is giving alms to the poor 5. Hajj is the pilgrimage to Mecca that all physically /financially able Muslims should make at least once in their life • Mecca is the most holy place for Muslims

14. The Kaaba

16. Sharia - Islamic Law The Sharia outlines all of the laws of Muslim countries (comes from the Koran). • Governs criminal law, dress code, zakat, economic laws, marital laws, hygiene and purification. • 5 Major Crimes: • theft, highway robbery, intoxication, adultery and falsely accusing another of adultery • Punishments in some countries still include: • Chopping off of hands • Beheading • Stoning Food Laws • Very similar laws to the Jewish kosher food. • No alcohol, pork, blood, no pork fat products, scavenger animals. • Food must be prepared similarly to the Jews. • Slice to the jugular • Drain blood