Chapter 2 Sec 2 English Colonies in America

1. Chapter 2 Sec 2English Colonies in America

2. North American Exploration

3. English Exploration • John Cabot • May 1497 • Nova Scotia • Disappeared 2nd voyage • No colonization for 80 years • Lack of $ • No real reason • Allied w/Spain against France

4. What drove people from England to America? • I. Religion • Protestant Reformation-1517 • Martin Luther • John Calvin** • (congregations choose own elders and ministers) • Impacted England and later America • King Henry VIII had just created the Anglican Church (broke from Catholic Church)

5. Differing views on the Anglican Church • Puritans • Wanted to purify the church • Influenced by Calvin • Clashed with James I • who did not want changes

6. What drove people from England to America? • II. The economy • The Enclosure Movement • Wool demand increased • English landowners could make more money raising sheep than renting out land • Converted their lands to sheep farms • Many tenant farmers homeless and jobless • Better chance at life by leaving England

7. Economy Cont’d • Wool supply outgrew demand-1550 • Looking for new markets • Formed Joint-stock companies • Pooled money of investors • Raised more $ for big projects • Eng merchants could trade with & colonize other parts of world independently of government

8. What drove people from England to America? • III. Politics • Growing rivalry with Spain • England leading Protestant power • Netherlands(Dutch)-Protestant • Spanish tried to suppress Protestants in Nether. • Queen Eliz sent privateers to attach Spanish ships - • Spain leading Catholic power • England needed outposts to support naval operations against Spain

9. Roanoke Mystery • Sr. Walter Raleigh set up the first Eng. colony in the Americas • Near current NC/VA • Roanoke • He named the land “Virginia” in honor of the “Virgin Queen” Elizabeth

10. Roanoke Mystery Cont’d • 1585 1st group • Raleigh sent 100 men • Hard winter-left • 1587 2nd group • 91 men, 17 women, 9 children • Gov.John White ret’d to England for supplies-return delayed • Eng/Spain war

11. Roanoke Mystery Cont’d • Gov White returns 1590 • Colony is gone • No bodies • Empty houses • “CRO” carved on post • Still a mystery • http://www.schooltube.com/video/89c920dac3962b0ae572/

12. Jamestown • Settled1606 • by a charter from King James 1 • The Virginia Company • John Smith leader • 3 ships & 144 men • Settled on banks of river • James River & Jamestown • Named after king • Swampy/mosquitoes

13. Jamestown Troubles • Environment • Swampy/mosquitoes/disease • Lack of survival knowledge • Did not know about living in woods and how to fish and raise livestock • Lack of food • Politics • Upperclass “gentleman” refused to work • Arguing in government • Lawlessness

14. Jamestown Troubles Cont’d • 200 new settlers in 1608 • 53 still alive by end of year • John Smith/Chief Powhatan heroes • Smith traded with Powhatan Confederacy (Native Americans) • Kept settlers alive • 1609 400 more settlers in August • Not enough food before winter • Stole from N. Americans who attacked

15. Jamestown Troubles Cont’d • “The Starving Time” • Winter 1609-1610 • Ate dogs, rats, snakes, toadstools, horsehides • A few-cannibalism • Dug up graves & at people • Jamestown never thrived

16. Tobacco Saves the Colony • The colony lasted, mostly thanks to John Rolfe and his cultivation of tobacco • Rolfe developed new curing method

17. The First Assembly • Virginia governed by House of Burgesses • 1st representative government in the colonies • Representatives called burgesses • After an attack by N. Americans in 1622 on Jamestown, James I revoked Charter-Royal Colony (Gov. appt by King) Patrick Henry before the House of Burgesses in an 1851 painting by Peter F. Rothermel

18. Settling the Land • Settlers lured by “headrights” • Bought share in company or paid for passage – got 50 acres of land • First Africans arrive • 1619 • Settlers purchased 20 Africans as “Christian servants”

19. Other Colonies and Their Founders • 1. Virginia – (see previous notes) • 2.Maryland– Lord Baltimore, for Catholics to have freedom to worship • 3.Massachusetts– John Winthrop, a refuge for Puritans • 4.Rhode Island – Roger Williams, for government with no authority in religious matters, he was a separatist

20. Other Colonies Cont’d • 5.Connecticut– Thomas Hooker, they adopted the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, the first written constitution in the colonies • 6.New Hampshire – was started by a royal charter due to overcrowding in Massachusetts. Maine was as well but later was bought back by Massachusetts

21. Other Colonies Cont’d • 7&8. New York and New Jersey – originally founded by Henry Hudson for the Dutch but King Charles sent his brother James to take it for England • 9&10Pennsylvania and Delaware– William Penn, refuge for Quakers, love and pacifism for all

22. Other Colonies Cont’d • 11&12. North and South Carolina – King Charles gave this land to his political allies, mostly for farming • 13.Georgia– James Oglethorpe, a place for poor English debtors to start over