Smart grids in Europe

Smart grids in Europe Support provided by Joint Research Centre (JRC) STOA Workshop “Challenges arising from the large-scale deployment of Smart Grids in Europe” Marcelo MASERA Energy Security Unit Institute for Energy and Transport Joint Research Centre

The JRC - Institute for Energy and Transport • Smart Grid landscape • Smart Electricity Systems at JRC-IET • Smart Grid projects in Europe • Costs and benefits of smart grids • JRC Smart Grids Simulation Centre • Networking and cooperation

Joint Research Centre The JRC inside the European Commission President José Manuel Barroso 27 Commission Members Commissioner Mairé Geoghegan-Quinn Research, Innovation & Science Director-General Dominique Ristori Joint Research Centre DG Research & Innovation (RTD)

JRC - Who are weand what do we do? • The Joint Research Centre (JRC) is the European Commission’s in-house science service. • It provides the science for policy decisions, with a view to ensuring that the EU achieves its Europe 2020 goals for a productive economy as well as a safe, secure and sustainable future. • The JRC plays a key role in the European Research Area and reinforces its multi-disciplinarity by networking extensively with leading scientific organisations in the Member States, Associated Countries and worldwide.

JRC established in 1957 • Where you can find us • Corporate Services – Brussels • IRMM (Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements) – Geel, Belgium • ITU (Institute for Transuranium Elements) – Karlsruhe, Germany and Ispra, Italy • IET (Institute for Energy and Transport) – Petten, The Netherlands and Ispra, Italy • IPSC (Institute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen) – Ispra, Italy • IES (Institute for Environment and Sustainability) – Ispra, Italy • IHCP (Institute for Health and Consumer Protection) – Ispra, Italy • IPTS (Institute for Prospective Technological Studies) – Seville, Spain • 7 institutes in 5 countries: Italy, Belgium, Germany, The Netherlands, Spain • 2,845 permanent and temporary staff in 2010 • 1,398 scientific publications in 2010 • 125 instances of support to the EU policy-maker annually • Budget: €356 million annually, plus €62 million earned income

JRC Institute for Energy and Transport • The mission of the Joint Research Centre – Institute for Energy and Transport (IET) is to provide support to Community policies and technology innovation related both: • energy - to ensure sustainable, safe, secure and efficient energy production, distribution and use and • transport - to foster sustainable and efficient mobility in Europe. Ispra, Italy Petten, The Netherlands

Techno-economic Modelling & Analysis Experimental Activities JRC-IET priorities ENERGY DEMAND ENERGY SUPPLY DeployCleanEnergy STATIONARY Modernisethe Grid Increase Energy Efficiency Interoperability IncreaseVehicleEfficiency ElectrificationofTransport DeployAlternative Fuels TRANSPORT

Power system – present

Smart grid: (possible) future

Smart grid: dimensions, domains and zones • Source: EC Smart Grid Standardisation Reference Group

Smart Electricity Systems http://ses.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ Mission The Smart Electricity Systems team performs independent scientific research and acts as in-house scientific consultant for EU policy-making actors, with focus on the on-going transformations towards smart electricity systems

A multi-layer problem PHYSICAL CYBER ECONOMIC SOCIAL POLITICAL

The multi-layer approach of Smart Electricity Systems DATA GATHERING & PROCESSING SCIENTIFIC POLICY SUPPORT MODELLING, ANALYSES & EXPERIMENTS DISSEMINATION COOPERATION PHYSICAL CYBER ECONOMIC SOCIAL POLITICAL

Background Rising political attention on Smart Grids as a means to achieve EU energy policy objectives. Need to unlock market investment potential. Storage Prosumers Market Renewables EV Distributed Generation Aggregators Demand Response Smart Meters

Background • Smart Grids projects: • Growing number: deployment, demonstration/pilots, R&D • Participants: Grid operators, service providers, R&D actors.. • Wide scope: smart meters, super grid, integrated systems.. • No inventory of Smart Grid projects in Europe available in 2011: • Limited sharing of project experiences andlessons learned • Need to monitor the developments on the field • JRC-DG ENER Reference Report “Smart Gridprojects in Europe: lessons learned andcurrent developments”

Uneven distribution of investments across Europe. Most of investments in EU-15 Countries • Over 5 billions of investments, but still at the beginning of the Smart Grid transition

Smart grid investments Bulk of investment in a few countries

Starting date across stages of development The data collection and analysis continues – contact us! Smart Electricity Systems: http://ses.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ Note: not all projects planned to start in 2011 answered yet to JRC survey

Share of R&D, demo and deployment projects • Deployment projects: greatest part of investment, main focus: Smart Meters roll-outs • R&D and Demonstration projects: mostly small-medium scale (4.5 and 12 million € of average budget respectively), wider portfolio of technologies and applications

Budget, leading organisation and development stage Distribution System Operators (DSOs) are the main investors M€

Funding by development stage (DSO-led projects) • Most of the DSO-led projects in RD&D are financed through public-private partnerships • Funding comes mainly from EU Framework programmes (FP6 and FP7), national funds and regulatory funds • Funding and incentives for RD&D are important for further progress in the development of Smart Grids

Smart Grids Knowledge Sharing Platform (JRC-EURELECTRIC joint initiative) http://www.smartgridsprojects.eu/

JRC inventory ofSmart Grid projects • JRC database to act as European repository of Smart Grid projects • New JRC online form available: http://ses.jrc.ec.europa.eu/: JRC on-line form JRC DB

JRC inventory ofSmart Grid projects • JRC database to act as European repository of Smart Grid projects • New JRC online form available: http://ses.jrc.ec.europa.eu/: • Send information on NEW PROJECTS or provide UPDATES! JRC on-line form

Smart Grid Task Force Projects DB Projects Projects EEGI – SETIS Other users DB DB DB Projects Visualisation platforms http://ses.jrc.ec.europa.eu www.smartgridsprojects.eu One repository fordifferent users JRC DB

Policy context and impact

The JRC has defined an assessment framework to provide guidance for conducting cost benefit analyses of Smart Grid projects and smart metering deployment. This work draws on the existing collaboration between the EC and the US Department of Energy (DoE) in the framework of the EU-US Energy Council CBA for smart meters/grids Downloadable from http://ses.jrc.ec.europa.eu

The assessment framework is based on the work performed by EPRI (Electric Power Research Institute). Several modifications to fit the European context have been proposed. A European Smart Grid project from the JRC inventory (InovGrid, led by the Portuguese distributor EDP Distribuição) has been used as a case study to fine-tune and illustrate the proposed assessment framework. CBA for smart meters/grids Guidelines for Cost Benefit Analysis of Smart Grids projects Available soon on http://ses.jrc.ec.europa.eu

General assessment framework Quantifiable impacts (Societal CBA) Non-quantifiable impacts (Qualitative impact analysis) Merit deployment of the roll-out (contribution to policy goals, e.g. security of supply, RES integration) • Economic Net Present Value (ENPV) • Economic internal rate of return (ERR) • B/C ratio KPI analysis CBA Externalities (e.g. employment, safety, environmental impacts) Qualitative descriptions / physical units

JRC is permanent member of the Reference Group for smart grids standardisation: pressing need for smart grids component testing and integration evaluation JRC-US increased cooperation on e-mobility and smart grids through the interoperability centres: JRC priority Smart Grids Simulation Centre

Smart Grids Simulation Centre Electric Vehicles Ispra (IT) Petten (NL) Ispra (IT) Information and communication technology Batteries, components and new materials Integrated Testing Centre Ispra (IT) Petten (NL) • The centres research will include: • Electric vehicle performance, safety and energy efficiency • Vehicle battery safety, durability and charging time as well as performance under different environmental conditions • Vehicle-to-grid communication and compatibility Interoperability lab

Smart Grids Sim. Centre ENTSOE ENTSOG, GCG Other JRC-external energy models Other JRC-external economic/ environmental models Risk assessment Cost-benefit Indicators Energy networks data inventory Visualisation Simulation Power Companies - Pilot cases Offline modules Simulation GIS Real-time modules Eurostat, and others HPC Display JRC ICT network emulation Evaluation Mobile unit Real world power Installations - Pilot cases Simulator modules Power components ICT components Power modules Manufacturers

Real time simulator and several hardware equipment: First set bought 2010-11 Plans for further modules Objective Ultra-fast Dynamic simulations of power system behaviour Hardware-in-the-loop testing (electric vehicles, batteries, …) Smart Grids Simulation Centre

OBJECTIVE - Identification of ‘European critical infrastructure’ Critical infrastructure whose disruption or destruction might have a significant impact on at least 2 member states MAIN ASSUMPTIONS: The most critical infrastructure for a cyber-attack are the 400 kV substations A coordinated cyber-attack would aim at opening all switches at the substation(s) busbars PROBLEM - classical contingency analysis tools do not analyse: consequences of failure (disconnection of overloaded lines and transformers) possible failure propagation (cascading effect) network reaction (primary reserve, load shedding,…) Critical infrastructure protection

Simulation of cascading effects • Disconnection in steps of highly overloaded lines (I > 1.3 x Imax), until there is no congestion • All generators contribute to load balancing (simulation of the primary reserve) • No load shedding is implemented • European criticality measured by lost load abroad

Networking and cooperation (selected examples) • Argonne Nat Lab: Smart Grid – Electric Vehicles interoperability • Israel: smart grids/cities and e-mobility • Mediterranean solar power integration (HELIOS, MEDGRID,..) • US Department of Energy: smart grid assessment methodologies • Universities/Research Centres: EERA, TU Delft, TU Eindhoven, RSE, PoliTO, PoliBA, … • Industry: ENTSOE, EURELECTRIC, CIGRE, EDP, EDF, ENEL,… • R&D projects: FP7 AFTER (power system vulnerability), IEE GridTech (transmission costs-benefits), FET SEEDS CS (agent-based models), FP7 ICT4SSG (ICT for smartgrids), NGI…

Thank you for your attention Smart Electricity Systems http://ses.jrc.ec.europa.eu/

Smart grids in Europe