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ICT and Smart Grids

ICT and Smart Grids. Gerard J.M. Smit Chair CAES (Computer Architectures for Embedded Systems). Background: EU / government statement. EU statement 20-20-20 scenario: in 2020: 20% CO 2 reduction (compared to 1990) 20% of generated energy stems from renewable sources

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ICT and Smart Grids

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  1. ICT and Smart Grids Gerard J.M. Smit Chair CAES (Computer Architectures for Embedded Systems)

  2. Background: EU / government statement • EU statement 20-20-20 scenario: in 2020: • 20% CO2 reduction (compared to 1990) • 20% of generated energy stems from renewable sources • 20% better energy-efficiency • EU statement: • … 20-20-20 scenario is not possible without ICT support … [“Mobilising ICT to facilitate the transition to an energy-efficient, low-carbon economy”, COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES COM(2009) 111 final, Brussels,]

  3. Trends & focus • Trend 1: More distributed (renewable) generation • Micro-CHP, solar cells, wind energy, bio-gas, …. • Micro-generators at kilowatt level placed in homes/companies • Trend 2: Smart Grids for energy distribution • Trend 3: Smart Buildings / Intelligent buildings / smart appliances • Trend 4: Electrification of energy distribution

  4. Currentsituation For all forms of energy: electricity, gas, heat, ….

  5. Future: Distributed Generation • Larger peak loads in consumption and production

  6. Challenges in smart grids / renewable energy sources • Micro-generation not always available / predictable • Solar cell only works during daytime • micro-windmill works when there is wind • Micro-generation not always controllable • sometimes delivers energy when it is not needed • Expect higher peaks in consumption patterns • the heating elements of heat pumps • the simultaneous charging of electric vehicles • Find and use the flexibility in buildings / micro-grid • Storage of energy is needed • storage is expensive and bulky • heat storage, batteries

  7. Challenges for the ICT for Smart Grids 7 • Large distributed system • High reliability: should continue even when some parts fail • Hierarchical control system: scalable to large systems • Find a generic approach • Covering multiple scenario’s, objectives and technologies • Local and global optimization • Stochastic behavior • Find and use the energy-flexibility of buildings • Non-technical issues • Privacy • Guaranteed comfort level for resident • Who is benefitting economically from this?

  8. Stakeholders in Smart Grids • Individual user (security of supply) • Independence of energy suppliers • Independence of foreign gas/oil supply • Group of users (act on the energy market) • Buy electricity when it is cheap • See electricity when it is expensive • Network company (postpone investments in grid infrastucture) • Avoid peaks in the distribution grid • Self-healing network • Large energy companies (??)

  9. Typical consumption profile of a house Source: Essent

  10. Profile of an area with PV panels [MW] Source RWE

  11. TRIANA: 3 STEP CONTROL METHODOLOGY 1: prediction on building level 2: planning in a grid 3. real-time control in buildings PhD theses Albert Molderink, Vincent Bakker and Maurice Bosman 11 6/10/2014

  12. What is the role of ICT? • Control production / consumption and storage • Real-time optimization problem • Predict the production and consumption patterns • Monitoring and control of power systems • In an autonomous system power quality needs to be controlled • Switch between islanded and connected mode • Financial transactions • who pays for what • User awareness • show users status of the system

  13. Yearsimulation case Flexible 400 houses, 365 days Heat pump + buffer Electric vehicles Washing machine Dishwasher Battery (5% of houses) Photovoltaics (15% of houses) Inflexible load

  14. Results 28% peak reduction 25% std. deviation reduction

  15. Conclusions • The energy field will change • From production follows the load • To load follows production • 3 steps: Prediction, planning and control is quite promising • Not many systems work in that way • Efficient embedded ICT needed • Control of appliances (micro-controllers) • In-building networks (wireless / wire-line / optical) • Energy management in buildings • Smart grid control

  16. web: caes.ewi.utwente.nl or et.ewi.utwente.nl g.j.m.smit@utwente.nl Questions?

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