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Harnessing ICT for Smart Grids: Enabling a Low-Carbon Future

This document discusses the pivotal role of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in achieving the European Union's 20-20-20 targets for 2020, which include reducing CO2 emissions by 20%, sourcing 20% of energy from renewables, and improving energy efficiency by 20%. It explores current trends in distributed energy generation, the evolution of smart grids, and the challenges posed by the variability of renewable sources. Emphasis is placed on the necessity for robust ICT solutions to manage production, consumption, and storage, ultimately enabling a transition to a sustainable energy economy.

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Harnessing ICT for Smart Grids: Enabling a Low-Carbon Future

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  1. ICT and Smart Grids Gerard J.M. Smit Chair CAES (Computer Architectures for Embedded Systems)

  2. Background: EU / government statement • EU statement 20-20-20 scenario: in 2020: • 20% CO2 reduction (compared to 1990) • 20% of generated energy stems from renewable sources • 20% better energy-efficiency • EU statement: • … 20-20-20 scenario is not possible without ICT support … [“Mobilising ICT to facilitate the transition to an energy-efficient, low-carbon economy”, COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES COM(2009) 111 final, Brussels,]

  3. Trends & focus • Trend 1: More distributed (renewable) generation • Micro-CHP, solar cells, wind energy, bio-gas, …. • Micro-generators at kilowatt level placed in homes/companies • Trend 2: Smart Grids for energy distribution • Trend 3: Smart Buildings / Intelligent buildings / smart appliances • Trend 4: Electrification of energy distribution

  4. Currentsituation For all forms of energy: electricity, gas, heat, ….

  5. Future: Distributed Generation • Larger peak loads in consumption and production

  6. Challenges in smart grids / renewable energy sources • Micro-generation not always available / predictable • Solar cell only works during daytime • micro-windmill works when there is wind • Micro-generation not always controllable • sometimes delivers energy when it is not needed • Expect higher peaks in consumption patterns • the heating elements of heat pumps • the simultaneous charging of electric vehicles • Find and use the flexibility in buildings / micro-grid • Storage of energy is needed • storage is expensive and bulky • heat storage, batteries

  7. Challenges for the ICT for Smart Grids 7 • Large distributed system • High reliability: should continue even when some parts fail • Hierarchical control system: scalable to large systems • Find a generic approach • Covering multiple scenario’s, objectives and technologies • Local and global optimization • Stochastic behavior • Find and use the energy-flexibility of buildings • Non-technical issues • Privacy • Guaranteed comfort level for resident • Who is benefitting economically from this?

  8. Stakeholders in Smart Grids • Individual user (security of supply) • Independence of energy suppliers • Independence of foreign gas/oil supply • Group of users (act on the energy market) • Buy electricity when it is cheap • See electricity when it is expensive • Network company (postpone investments in grid infrastucture) • Avoid peaks in the distribution grid • Self-healing network • Large energy companies (??)

  9. Typical consumption profile of a house Source: Essent

  10. Profile of an area with PV panels [MW] Source RWE

  11. TRIANA: 3 STEP CONTROL METHODOLOGY 1: prediction on building level 2: planning in a grid 3. real-time control in buildings PhD theses Albert Molderink, Vincent Bakker and Maurice Bosman 11 6/10/2014

  12. What is the role of ICT? • Control production / consumption and storage • Real-time optimization problem • Predict the production and consumption patterns • Monitoring and control of power systems • In an autonomous system power quality needs to be controlled • Switch between islanded and connected mode • Financial transactions • who pays for what • User awareness • show users status of the system

  13. Yearsimulation case Flexible 400 houses, 365 days Heat pump + buffer Electric vehicles Washing machine Dishwasher Battery (5% of houses) Photovoltaics (15% of houses) Inflexible load

  14. Results 28% peak reduction 25% std. deviation reduction

  15. Conclusions • The energy field will change • From production follows the load • To load follows production • 3 steps: Prediction, planning and control is quite promising • Not many systems work in that way • Efficient embedded ICT needed • Control of appliances (micro-controllers) • In-building networks (wireless / wire-line / optical) • Energy management in buildings • Smart grid control

  16. web: caes.ewi.utwente.nl or et.ewi.utwente.nl g.j.m.smit@utwente.nl Questions?

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