Thyroid & Parathyroid

1. Thyroid & Parathyroid Maria Boughous & Meghana Varde Period 2 Anatomy

2. Endocrine System • Produce hormones • Regulates body’s growth • Metabolism • Sexual development &function • A collection of glands

3. Glands Pancreas – Controls Glucose Parathyroid – Maintains calcium level Pituitary – influence various Other endocrine glands Thymus – influences the body’s immune system Thyroid – heat production, bone growth and the metabolism Pineal - This is involved with daily biological cycles Adrenal - has two parts Influences metabolism Influences part of Nervous system Hypothalamus – Controls involuntary Body functions Ovaries & Testicles – Influence female and Male characteristics

4. Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands • Glands are found inside each other • Butterfly shaped gland • Found inside the neck • Less then one once, (parathyroid) size of a grain of rice • Thyroid cartilage covers the larynx • Produces the prominence on the neck • This is known as the Adams Apple

5. Roles and Functions of the Thyroid & Parathyroid • Thyroids: • Controls the rate at which the body produces energy from nutrients • Regulates metabolism • Produces: • Triiodothyonine (T3) • Thyroxine (T4) • Calcitonin • Parathyroids: • Control the calcium in our bodies • http://www.muschealth.com/video/default.aspx?videoId=10158

6. Triiodothyonine(T3) • Iodine-rich and fuel metabolism • Plays a role in growth, metabolism, and development • Promotes normal growth of bones and increases strength and respiration. • Maintain the rate that your body uses fats and carbohydrates

7. Thyroxine(T4) • Regulate the body’s metabolic rate by forming RNA • Production is controlled by Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) • Produced by the Pituitary Gland.

8. Calcitonin • Regulates amount of calcium in blood • Decrease bone destruction caused by cancer. • Benefits disappear shortly after it has not been taken by the body. • Produced by the cells of the thyroid.

9. Causes • Grave’s disease • Toxic adenoma • Plummer’s disease • Thyroiditis • Produces too much T4 Hyperthyroidism • Overactive thyroid • Swelling of the thyroid • Symptoms • Sudden weight loss • Appetite and amount of food intake remain the same or increase. • Rapid heartbeat • Nervous • Anxiety and irritability • Frequent bowel movements • Sleeping difficulty, • Skin thinning • Hair-fine and brittle

10. Causes • Autoimmune disease • Hyperthyroidism treatment • Radiation therapy • Thyroid surgery • Congenital • Iodine deficient Hypothyroidism • Underactive thyroid • Glands fails to secrete T3 and T4 • Symptoms • Increased sensitivity to cold • Constipation • Weight gain • Puffy face • Pain, swelling or stiffness in joints • Depression • Impaired memory • Dry skin • Goitre-swelling that results in a bulge in the neck. http://www.bupa.co.uk/individuals/health-information/directory/u/underactive-thyroid-Animation

12. Unique Facts • Can be tested for hypothyroidism. • To get rid of hyperthyroidism-use radioactive iodine/surgery/pills to kill swelling. • Hypothyroidism can happen to women during or after their pregnancy. • 14% of the population has one or two additional thyroid glands. • The thyroid gland weighs one ounce

13. Concept Check • 1. What is the difference between the Thyroid and the Parathyroid glands? • The Thyroid gland: controls the rate at which the body produces energy from nutrients and regulates metabolism. • The Parathyroid glands: Regulates the calcium in your body. • 2. How many glands are there in the endocrine system? • There are 9 glands

14. Concept Check Continued • 3. What is the difference between T3, T4 and calcitonin? • T3 maintains the rate at which your body uses fats and carbs • T4 regulates your body’s metabolism by producing RNA • Calcitonin regulates the amount of calcium in your body. • 4. List three causes and symptoms for hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidsim. • Hypothyroidism: • Causes: Autoimmune disorder, hyperthyroidism treatment, thyroid surgery • Symptoms: Increased sensitivity to cold, puffy face and constipation • Hyperthyroidism: • Causes: Grave’s disease, toxic adenoma and thyroiditis • Symptoms: Weight loss, nervous, and rapid heartbeat

15. Works Cited • BUPA. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Mar. 2013. <http://www.bupa.co.uk/individuals/health-information/directory/u/underactive-thyroid>. • "Calcitonin Has the following Structural Formula:." Medical Look. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Mar. 2013. <http://www.medicalook.com/reviews/Calcitonin.html>. • "Chemistry of Thyroid Hormones." Colorado Sate. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Mar. 2013. <http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/endocrine/thyroid/chem.html>. • "How Your Thyroid Works." Endocrine Web. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Mar. 2013. <http://www.endocrineweb.com/conditions/thyroid/how-your-thyroid-works>. • "Hypothyroidism." Rapid Med. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Mar. 2013. <http://www.rapidmed.net/Hypothyroidism.html>. • Lee Lerner, Ed K. "The Thyroid." Endocrine System. 4th ed. Vol. 2. N.p.: n.p., 2008. N. pag. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 8 Mar. 2013. <http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CCX2830100850&v=2.1&u=riverdrhs_ca&it=r&p=GVRL&sw=w>. • Mayo Clinic Staff. "Hyperthyroidism: Causes." Mayo Clinic. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, n.d. Web. 8 Mar. 2013. <http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/hyperthyroidism/DS00344/DSECTION=causes>. • "Pregnancy Thyroid." Health Tap. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Mar. 2013. <https://www.healthtap.com/#topics/diagram-pathophysiology-of-hyperthyroidism>. • Sandland, Di. "Hyperthyroidism." Find the Best. Find the Best, n.d. Web. 8 Mar. 2013. <http://medical-marijuana-dispensaries.findthebest.com/b/655/Medical-Marijuana-and-Acquired-Hyperthyroidism>. • T4 and T3. Anesthetist. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Mar. 2013. <http://www.anaesthetist.com/icu/organs/endocr/thyroid/Findex.htm#thyfx.htm>. • "Diagram of Endocrine Glands." Diagram of Endocrine Glands. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Mar. 2013. • "Endocrine System." Endocrine System. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Mar. 2013. • http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Illu_thyroid_parathyroid.jpg/250px-Illu_thyroid_parathyroid.jpg