Smoking and Tobacco-Use

1. Smoking and Tobacco-Use Information and Health Hazards

2. Smoking Statistics • Cigarette smoke contains over 4,000 toxic substances, many of which are known to cause cancer in humans • Nicotine dependency through cigarette smoking is the most common form of drug addiction and causes more death and disease than all other addictions combined. • Forty percent of teenagers who smoke daily have tried to quit and failed.

4. Constituents of tobacco smoke • Tar • Nicotine • Carbon Monoxide • Nitrogen Oxides • Hydrogen Cyanide and other ciliatoxic agents • Metals • Radioactive Compounds • Agricultural Chemicals • Flavors and other additives

5. Tar The particulate matter inhaled by a smoker from a lighted cigarette. In its condensate form, tar is a sticky brown substance which stains smokers’ teeth, fingers, and lung tissue yellow brown. Nicotine Nicotine is among the most toxic of all poisons. The average lethal dose is between 30 to 60 mg.

7. Nitrogen Oxides Causes lung cancer and leads to emphysema. Carbon Monoxide In large amounts, carbon monoxide is rapidly fatal. It has many toxic effects, but the most important is its impairment of oxygen transportation in the blood.

9. Hydrogen Cyanide Hydrogen cyanide is usually used as a poison in gas chambers. Has a direct lethal effect on the cilia, hindering the natural clearing mechanism of the lung. Other Ciliatoxic Agents: Acrolein Ammonia: used in typical household cleaners Nitrogen Dioxide Formaldehyde:used to embalm dead bodies

10. Metals: (30 metals have been detected in cigarette smoke) Arsenic: usually used in rat poison Cadmium: found in batteries and in artists’ oil paint Chromium: associated with cancer in humans Nickel Radioactive Compounds: Polonium-210: radiation dosage equal to 300 chest X-rays in one year Potassium-40 Radium-226 and Radium-228 Thorium-228

12. Other chemicals: Acetic Acid: hair dye and developer. Acetone: main ingredient in paint and fingernail (polish) remover Benzene: rubber cement Hydrazine: used in jet and rocket fuels Phenol: used in disinfectants and plastics Styrene: found in insulation material Toluene: embalmers glue Vinyl Chloride: ingredient found in garbage bags

13. Agricultural Chemicals: (pesticides, herbicides, fungicides, insecticides) Dieldrin DDT: rat poison

15. Disease Oropharyngeal Cancer Oesophageal Cancer Stomach Cancer Anal Cancer Pancreatic Cancer Laryngeal Cancer Lung Cancer Cervical Cancer Vulval Cancer Penile Cancer Bladder Cancer Renal Parenchymal Cancer Renal Pelvic Cancer Ischaemic Heart Disease Pulmonary Circulation Disease Cardiac Dysrhythmias Heart Failure Stroke

16. Arteriosclerosis Pneumonia COPD Peptic Ulcer Crohn’s Disease Ulcerative Colitis Low Birth weight Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Fire Injuries

17. Diseases caused by smoking Images

19. Lung with Emphysema

21. A Smoker’s Lung

23. Hardened Artery

24. The Tobacco Industry Images

30. Smoke, Why Not? • Health Reasons: • Avoid premature death • Avoid diseases • Stay physicallyfit / stay athletic, do sports • Economic Reasons: • Avoid an unnecessary expense (40 to 100 pesos per pack) • Use your money for other things

31. Social Reasons: • Be socially accepted (some people don’t like smokers) • Be considerate (smoking affects others around you with second-hand smoke) • Be respectable – show will-power and maturity • Be attractive (smoking causes yellowing of teeth and fingers, bad breath, unattractive coughing, foul-smelling clothes, impotence in males) • Avoid addiction