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SPICA Status in Japan

SPICA Status in Japan. April 6, 2010 T. Nakagawa (ISAS/JAXA). Goals of the meeting. To set up a common strategy to promote the assessment study of US-led instrument(s) efficiently Key issues to be addressed Unique capability to be enabled by US-led instrument(s)

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SPICA Status in Japan

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  1. SPICA Status in Japan April 6, 2010 T. Nakagawa (ISAS/JAXA)

  2. Goals of the meeting • To set up a common strategy to promote the assessment study of US-led instrument(s) efficiently • Key issues to be addressed • Unique capability to be enabled by US-led instrument(s) • Especially complementarity with SAFARI • Compatibility with stringent resource allocation

  3. Status of SPICA in Japan • JAXA (and ISAS) regards SPICA as a very important mission which must be realized in the near future. • SPICA is officially in the "pre-project phase" at JAXA. This "pre-project" phase started in July 2008 with a period of three years. • Following reviewing and judgement processes by ISAS, JAXA plans to have a " SPICA phase up review “ toward the next phase(“ Project phase”) in FY2011.  • JAXA is planning to submit a budgetary proposal for SPICA with the target of launch in FY2018 to the government this summer.

  4. Ｏｕｒ Ｓｃｉｅｎｔｉｆｉｃ Goals Where are we from ? Are we alone ?

  5. Scientific Goals (1/3) • How did the Universe originate and what is it made of ? Big Bang 1st generation of stars

  6. AGN and/vs Starbursts • Stars • Starburst • E/mc2 ~ 0.005 • Super Massive Black hole • Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) • E/mc2 ~ 0.1 • What made this relation ?

  7. Infrared Spectroscopy: Energy Sources AGN Starburst Genzel et al. 1998 Spinoglio et al 2009

  8. Characterization of galaxies Herschel and SCUBA-2  many objects in photometric surveysOnly SPICA can reveal nature and role of AGN and star formation To reveal their nature and physics and chemistry

  9. The first cosmological spectroscopic survey 900 hours Of Obs. SPICA FIR Dark matter vs Barionic Matter Herschel PACS Image Springel et al. 2006

  10. Scientific Goals (2/3) • What are the conditions for stellar and planetary formation ?

  11. Scientific Goals (3/3) • How did the universe evolve chemically ? The emergence of life ?

  12. Formation of Planets Oxygen chemistry and water Dust mineralogyand ice ESO Images credit NASA Rocky planets and oceans SAFARI

  13. Resolving Snow Line Crystalline • Resolution to image “snowlines” in local systems Amorphous Malfait et al. 1999 Su et al. 2005

  14. Characterization of Exoplanets Non-coronagrahicdirection Discovery angle Coronagraphic direction Pupil mask (design) PSF (simulation) Dark region 1 Dark region 2

  15. AKARI all-sky survey blue = 9 µm, green = 18 µm, red = 90 µm • Ideal guide map for SPICA • 0.9 million sources in MIR, 0.4 million sources in FIR

  16. Overview of SPICA

  17. SPICAMission Overview • Specifications • Telescope: 3m-class, 6 K • Revolving CIB at its energy peak • Direct detection of exoplanets • Core wavelength: 5-210 μm • MIR Instrument • Including Coronagraph • Far-Infrared Instrument (SAFARI) • US Instrument (Optional) • Orbit: Sun-Earth L2 Halo • Mission Life • 3 years (nominal) • 5 years (goal) • No expendables • Weight: 3.7 t • Launch: 2018

  18. Cooled Telescopes D < 1m Wanted ! Larger Telescope ISO Nov, 1995 Launched 60 cm cooled Tel. Observatory SPITZER Aug 25, 2003 Launched 85 cm cooled Telescope Observatory AKARI Feb 21, 2006 Launched 70 cm cooled Telescope All Sky Survey

  19. Requirements:Large! Telescope • 3m class telescope is required • Resolve CIB into individual sources • Direct detection of exoplanets Based on Dole et al. (2004)

  20. Herschel & JWST T > 20K Wanted ! Cooled Telescope JWST 2014 Launch 6.5 m, ~ 40 K NIR-MIR Herschel 2009 Launched 3.5 m, 80 K FIR-Submm

  21. Cool Mission！ 背景光を１００万分の一に削減　→　感度の１０００倍向上へ

  22. Focal Plane Instruments Herschel JWST l/dl (dv) SPICA 30000(10 km s-1) Good Sensitivity 3000(100 km s-1) λ 300(100 km s-1) WIDEFOV 2 mm 20 mm 200 mm Unique Instrument optimized for mid- and far-infrared (No paralell observations)

  23. Huge Gain of Sensitivity ! Photometry Spectroscopy Herschel 2.5 orders 1.5 orders SPICA/ SAFARI SPICA

  24. Make it Feasible !

  25. Revolution of Design Philosophy Cryocoolers No Cryogen → Large Telescope ISO: 2.6t for 60cm → SPICA 3.7t for 3.5m

  26. Heritage of Mechanical Cryocoolers • AKARI • 2-stage Stirling 200mW @ 20 K • Long-life test > 5yrs • 2006 • SUZAKU • ADR, 60mk reached • 2005 • Cryocooler technology is strategic techniquie for space science in Japan • Future Missions: Kaguya, Planet-C, ASTRO-G, ASTRO-H, SPICA • SMILES • JT30mW@ 4.5 K • 2009

  27. Cryocoolers for SPICA • Most of the coolers will be flight-proven very soon.

  28. Monolithic mirror • 3.5m is technically a good choice • Monolithic Mirror • Ceramic material (SiC) • No deployable mechanism • Simple, Feasible, Reliable • Smooth PSF • Essential for Coronagraph • Herschel & AKARI Heritage • SPICA: WFE 0.35μm, 5K (3.5m) • AKARI: WFE 0.35μm, 6K (70cm) • Herschel: WFE 6μm, 80K (3.5m)

  29. SPICA as an International Mission

  30. International Mission SPICA Proposal to JAXA (P.I. Nakagawa, JAXA) • Japan (JAXA and Universities) • Integration & Test • Spacecraft • Mission Cryogenics (AKARI, A-H Heritage) • MIR Instrument (AKRI Heritage) • Including Coronagraph • ESA • Telescope (Herschel Heritage) • Ground Station • User Support • European Consortium (ESA’s management) • Far-Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (SAFARI) • Collaborations under discussion • FIR~Sub mm Spectrograph by USA • NIR guidance caemra by Korea & NAOJ ESA Cosmic Vision Proposal (P.I. Swinyard, RAL, UK)

  31. Official Statement by SPC on SPICA • At the occasion of its 128th meeting, the SPC decided to postpone its decision regarding the participation of ESA to the definition phase of SPICA, while expressing its strong support to the mission scientific goals as stated by the SSAC. It invites the Executive to pursue discussions with JAXA and clarify the framework of the proposed cooperation and come back with a more detailed proposal, if feasible already at the June 2010 SPC meeting.

  32. Long-term schedule • No major change in Japan • The target of launch is in FY2018 • SPC comments • Budgetary and technically feasible schedule? • Agency-level discussion under way

  33. Short-term schedule (draft) • Details of short-term schedule under discussion • Major Reviews and related issues • SRR (Q1 FY2010, TBC) • RFP (Q2-Q3 FY2010, TBC) • SDR (Q4 FY 2010 (-11), TBC) • Project Review (in FY 2011) • Other Reviews • FPI review • April – July 2010: Domestic review on Japanese-led instruments • Late 2010: International Review of whole FPI • STA Specifications Discussion • Scientific Assessment by SPICA Task force (Japan) in 2009 • ESA-JAXA review/agreement: (by AWG in May)

  34. Issues that could affect the schedule • Budgetary Issues • Technical Issues • STA Delivery Time • Current schedule: end of 2016 • Tight schedule for assembly and test of the whole system after the STA delivery • FPI Delivery Time • Current schedule: mid 2016 for FM • Comments from ESA on a tight schedule for SAFARI • Technical uncertainty in some of FPIs (e.g. Coronagraph) • Technical critical areas • Attitude and pointing control (including isolation of vibration) • Thermal design and verification • Cryocooler validation (long-life test)

  35. Nominal/Cost Reduction Plan

  36. Summary • Due to the budgetary constraint, JAXA proposes to change the launching vehicle from HIIB (5S-H fairing) to HIIA (5S fairing). • To accommodate SPICA in a shorter fairing (5S), JAXA proposes to change the optical parameters of STA as follows (see proposal for details): • M1: 3.5 → 3.2 m (EPD 3.35 → 3.0m) • Short M1-M2 distance (2986 mm → 2511 mm) • SPICA Task Force evaluated that the new STA can meet most of scientific requirements • ESA and JAXA are now making discussions on STA size toward the agreement.

  37. H-IIA/B Sereies

  38. Rocket Fairing ＜参考＞ PSSに4S用のものを用い、PAFに２３６０相当のものをもちいた場合 H-IIB/5S-H H-IIA/5S

  39. Schematic view of three plans

  40. Optical Parameters • JAXA proposes (2) as the most feasible plan.

  41. Optimization of Parameters

  42. SPICA management matters

  43. International Collaboration Scheme SPICA Steering Committee • SPICA Joint Project Office Science Advisory Committee • JAXASPICA team: System Integration Joint Systems Engineering Team FPI:FPC FPI : SAFARI FPI:US Inst. FPI:MIRs＋SCI Telescope • Korean Team (TBD) • NAOJ (TBD) • NASA • Team(TBD) • JAXA • Subsystem • Integrator • ESA • I/F Management • JAXA • Integration • （test @<10K） • SAFARI Consortium • System Integration • Japanese Group • ESA • Manufacturing • （test @ 80K） European Teams Japanese Teams ※ FPI : Focal Plane Instrument SAFARI : SPICA Far-Infrared Instrument MIRs : Mid Infrared Insturuments (MIRACLE,MIRMES,MIRHES) BLISS : Background-Limited Infrared-Submikimeter Spectrograph FPC : Focal Plane finding Camera

  44. Two-level management • Agency-Level Management (Steering Committee) • Manage the overall financial and programmatic issues • Authority to make the top-level decisions when required (impacting the whole cost, schedule, major risks, and scientific performance) • Project-Level Management • Technical Issues, Schedule, Reviews • SPICA JOINT PROJECT OFFICE • Joint Systems Engineering Team • Scientific Issues • Science Advisory Committee

  45. STEERING COMMITTEE • Purpose • Manage the overall financial and programmatic issues • Authority to make the top-level decisions when required (impacting the whole cost, schedule, major risks, and scientific performance) • Membership • JAXA • JAXA/HQ, ISAS/HQ • ESA (TBD) • ESA/HQ, SRON/HQ • Meetings • WHEN REQUIRED

  46. JOINT PROJECT OFFICE • Purpose • To manage the whole project efficiently • Technical issues, Detailed Schedule, Detailed Financial Issues, performance check • Membership • JAXA • SPICA PI, PM, SE, FPI chair, Each FPI PI, chair of STF • ESA (TBD) • SPICA PM, PS, SAFARI Scientist, SAFARI PI, SAFARI PM • Meetings • Monthly • Report to agency-level management structure

  47. Joint Systems Engineering Team (draft) • Purpose • To check technical issues focusing on I/Fs between subgroups • To avoid any “hidden gap” • Membership • JAXA • SPICA PM, SE, FPI chair, Technical experts (including members from industry partners) • ESA • TBD (SPICA PM, experts, …) • Meetings • Every three months (together with design meeting) • Report to Steering committee

  48. Science Advisory Committee (draft) • Purpose • To review the scientific objectives and to check if the specifications and performance of SPICA is compatible with scientific requirements • Membership • Japan: Project Scientist, (SPICA PI as an observer) • ESA: Project Scientist • International member: scientist representing all relevant fields of astronomy (including SPICA Task Force in Japan) • Meetings • Every two months • Report to SPICA Steering Committee

  49. Key documents • SPICA Yellow Book(Dec. 2009) • Summary of the whole SPICA mission with the emphasis on European contributions • One of the inputs to the ESA CV selection process • SPICA Mission Requirements Documents (MRD) • Summary of scientific objectives and requirements to the mission • SPICA Mission Definition Documents (MDD, Sep. 2009) • Summary of the current specifications of the spacecraft system • System Engineerings Management Plan (SEMP) • Summary of Development and Review processes

  50. International Collaboration • 14 countries and one Int. org.

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