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Nationalist Revolutions in Europe 1800-1870

Nationalist Revolutions in Europe 1800-1870. Text Chapters 24.2-24.3. Stage for nationalist movements was set by the Congress of Vienna:. Met from 1814-1815 to establish rules for a European peace following the defeat of Napoleon 5 “Great” European powers: Russia, Prussia, Austria, GB, France

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Nationalist Revolutions in Europe 1800-1870

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  1. Nationalist Revolutions in Europe 1800-1870 Text Chapters 24.2-24.3

  2. Stage for nationalist movements was set by the Congress of Vienna: Met from 1814-1815 to establish rules for a European peace following the defeat of Napoleon 5 “Great” European powers: Russia, Prussia, Austria, GB, France Dominated by Prince Metternich of Austria

  3. Metternich’s Main Goals: • Restore the balance of power in Europe by re-establishing Europe’s Monarchs to their old thrones (& old borders). • Limit the spread of the ideas championed by the French Revolution, mainly democracy and popular government.

  4. After the Congress of Vienna • Europe was split largely along it’s pre-French Revolution borders, and ruled by it’s old nobles • The nobles carved up the continent without regard to growing ethnic desires among people in Italy, Germany, Poland, Greece, etc.

  5. Nationalism Develops as Europe Debates Political Philosophies • Conservatives: Rich & Nobility. Europe should remain under traditional monarchies • Liberals: Middle class. Wanted to give more power to elected bodies, but only educated & landowners could vote. • Radicals: All people should share in a democracy. Believed in the ideas of the F.R. (Liberty, Equality, Brotherhood)

  6. Nationalism grows as Liberalism and Radicalism become popular • Greeks, fueled by nationalist pride in their Hellenic culture, gain independence from the Ottoman Empire—1821 • Unsuccessful nationalist uprisings occur in Belgium (against the Dutch), and Poland (against Russia)—1830’s • French radicals force King Charles X to flee the country after he tries to stage a return to absolute monarchy (1830). Louis-Napoleon (Napoleon’s nephew) is eventually elected president after a bloody conflict that lead to a moderate constitution. (1848)

  7. Nationalism becomes a force for both Unification and Separation

  8. Austrian empire is broken up into Austro-Hungarian Empire after pressure from Hungarians (1860’s) • Czars of Russia lose power (Russification) • Ottoman Empire is weakened when they are pressured by British and French to recognize all their citizens as equal (1850-1860)

  9. Italian Unification • Italy unites under Camillo di Cavour (prime minister of Sardinia working for its king Victor Emmanuel II) • Di Cavour annexes all of Northern Italy from Austria • He also supports the efforts of rebel Giuseppe Garibaldi (Red Shirts) to unite southern Italy & Sicily. • 1870—Last of the Italian territory is acquired after the Papal States are conquered. Rome becomes Italy’s capital (Except for Vatican City)

  10. German Unification • Otto Von Bismarck (Prime Minister of Prussia) unites the German Confederation under the Prussian King Wilhelm (1871) • Realpolitik • Seven Weeks war with Austria stokes Prussian Nationalism, and increases Prussian territory (1867) • Franco Prussian War ignites feelings of German nationalism in southern Germany (they accept Prussian leadership) (1870) • King Wilhelm names himself Kaiser of the Second Reich (1st was Holy Roman Empire)

  11. Things to be aware of not in the presentation: • Russia’s elimination of the feudal system and attempts to modernize after the Crimean war (p 691)

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