1914-1918: The World at War Chapter 10

1. 1914-1918:The Worldat WarChapter10

2. Causesof theGreat War

3. Basic Causes of World War I • Nationalism • Pride for ones own country or culture. • Led to German and Italy • Imperialism • British and French colonies in Africa • Germany wanted them. • Militarism • Build armies and navies to combat other nations.

4. 1. NATIONALISM - pride/devotion for your country or culture • France and Germany fight for leadership • Russia (protector of the Slavic people) • Russia and Austria-Hungary rivals for influence over Serbia • Ethnic groups hoped to create nations of their own – Ex. Poles, Czechs

5. 2. Imperialism - Economic & Imperial Rivalries

6. Competition for colonies. • Provide markets to sell goods • Provide needed raw materials/resources • Added prestige to the imperialist nation (nationalism) • GERMANY INDUSTRIALIZES AND COMPETES WITH FRANCE AND GB

7. 3. Militarism & Arms Race Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br., Rus.] in millions of £s.

8. 4. Alliances • Triple Entente • Britain • France • Russia • Triple Alliance • Germany • Austria Hungary • Italy

9. The Alliance System Triple Entente: Triple Alliance:

10. The“Spark”

11. Archduke Franz Ferdinand • Austria • Black Hand • Bosnian terrorist group • Wanted a independent Bosnia • Visit to Sarajevo • Capital of Austro-Hungary • Assassinated • GavriloPrincip • The war is on!

13. WAR • Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbs • Russia promised to protect the Serbs and mobilize its troops. • Germany sees this as an act of aggression and declares war on Russia. • Germany declares war on France to protect their back door. • Germany invades Belgium • Great Britain pledged to defend Belgium and declares war on Germany. • War has Begun!

14. Two Armed Camps! Allied Powers: Central Powers:

15. The Great Powers of Europe • Central Powers • Germany • Austria-Hungary • Ottoman Empire • Allied Powers • Great Britain • France • Russia • Italy joined the allied powers because of disagreements.

16. Key Figures in WWI Allied Powers Central Powers George V ~ GB Kaiser Wilhelm II ~ Gr Nicholas II ~ Rus Enver Pasha ~ OE Victor Emmanuel II ~ It Pres. Poincare ~ Fr Franz Josef ~ A-H

17. The Schlieffen Plan

18. Germany invades neutral Belgium • Aug. 4, 1914 – use Schlieffen Plan • Attack Belgium, holding action against Russia – after France falls they can put two armies against Russia • Great Britain joins War against Germany

19. German Atrocities in Belgium

20. New Technology of the War • Uniforms • Germans – Gray uniforms used as camouflage • French – dressed in old ceremonial uniform. Left them with little camouflage

21. New Technology of the War • Machine Gun • Could set up in 4 seconds • Could fire 600 bullets a minute Maschinengewehr ~ German MG Water Cooled Vickers ~ British MG

22. New Technology of the War • Artillery British Mark I Howitzer 400mm Rail Howitzer ~ French 420mm Big Bertha ~ Germany

23. 1st Battle of the Marne • Germans only 25 miles from Paris • French counterattack Sept. 7, 1914 • 2 million men fight over 125 mile battlefield • 5 days – 250,000 lost – Germans pushed back • Gave Russia time to mobilize

24. The Plans falls Apart • The Battle of the Marne

25. Taxis to the Rescue

26. Trench Warfare -stalemate “No Man’s Land”

27. New Technology of the War • Trench Warfare

28. Trench Warfare

29. Trench Foot – YUCK!!!

30. New Technology of the War • Poison Gas • Good and Bad • Gas Masks developed • Barbaric?

31. New Technology of the War

32. FlameThrowers GrenadeLaunchers

33. New Technology of the War TANK! GET OUT OF THE TRENCH! • Tanks British Mark IV Tank M1 U.S. Tank Schwerer Kampfwagen A7V German Tank

34. New Technology of the War • Airplanes Eddie Rickenbacker U.S. Flying Ace Nieuport 17 ~ French and American Manfred von Richthofen A.K.A. ~ Red Baron Fokker Dr.I ~ German Sopwith Camel ~ British

35. Looking for the “Red Baron?”

36. The Zeppelin

37. Christmas, 1914 • German and British soldiers fraternizing in No Man's Land, Christmas 1914

38. The Western Front • Verdun • German Offensive • Somme • UK & French

39. Verdun – February, 1916 • German offensive. • Each side had 500,000 casualties.

40. The Somme – July, 1916 • 60,000 British soldiers killed in one day. • Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months.

41. The Eastern Front • Gallipoli • Russia failing • Promise of the Dardanelles • Mustafa Kemal Ataturk

42. War Crimes in Armenia • Ottoman Turks fear Armenian support of Russia (Christian V Islam) • The solution: men, women and children marched into the desert till dead from exposure and dehydration • 1915-1918 • 1.5 Million Dead

43. War IsHELL !!

44. Sacrifices in War

45. The United States in WWI

46. Isolationism • President Woodrow Wilson declared they would stay neutral. • This is an isolationist view. • However Wilson leaned toward the allies because they traded with them and supplied them with war goods.

47. New Technology of the War • Submarine Warfare German U-Boat British Submarine

48. U-Boats

49. But Why Did the U.S. Enter the War? • Germany’s Unrestricted Submarine Warfare • Germany would attack any ships in the war zone • The Sinking of the Lusitania May 1st 1915 • British cruise liner with American passengers • Sussex Pledge • Germans would not sink merchant vessels without warning and without saving human lives.