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ARCS Model (Keller, 2013)

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  1. Developed by John Keller in 1987 • Based on the idea that resources, procedures and activities should enhance motivation to learn. • Contains four categories under which materials and activities fall. • Utilizing all four can help to increase student motivation to succeed. ARCS Model(Keller, 2013)

  2. These four categories bear a striking resemblance to both SDT and Flow Theory: • Attention • The activities must garner students attention and concentration (as in Flow). • Relevance • Students should be familiar with the material and relate to it (as in SDT) ARCS Categories Part I(Keller, 2013a)

  3. These four categories bear a striking resemblance to both SDT and Flow Theory: • Confidence • Students should be in control of their learning experience (autonomy in SDT; control in Flow), be competent in the material (as in SDT) and the task should be challenging (as in Flow) • Satisfaction • The task should provide intrinsic reinforcement. This is the same as the satisfaction of completing a task in a “flow state.” ARCS Categories Part 2(Keller, 2013a)

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