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Chapter Resources. Click on one of the following icons to go to that resource. earth.msscience.com. Image Bank. Foldables. Video Clips and Animations. Chapter Summary. Chapter Review Questions. Standardized Test Practice. earth.msscience.com. Image Bank.
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Chapter Resources Click on one of the following icons to go to that resource. earth.msscience.com Image Bank Foldables Video Clips and Animations Chapter Summary Chapter Review Questions Standardized Test Practice
Image Bank Click on individual thumbnail images to view larger versions.
Image Bank Transfer Images • To transfer images to your own power point follow the following steps: • Open the “Resource” file from the CD-ROM disc – view the file in the “normal view” or “slide sorter view” mode - go to slide #2 – from there you can click through the images and follow these instructions. Click once on the image. • Copy the image • Go to your own power point document • Paste the image.
Image Bank Bending and Breaking
Image Bank Earthquake Epicenter Map
Image Bank Normal Fault
Image Bank Reverse Fault
Image Bank Strike-Slip Fault
Image Bank Surface Waves
Image Bank Primary Wave Metaphor
Image Bank Horizontal Motion Seismograph
Image Bank Vertical Motion Seismograph
Image Bank Table – P-wave and S-wave Speed
Image Bank Epicenter
Image Bank Internal Structure of Earth
Image Bank Earthquake Epicenter – Globe
Image Bank Table – Seismic Wave Speeds
Image Bank Earthquake Damage
Image Bank Table – Large Magnitude Earthquakes
Image Bank Tsunami Beginning
Image Bank Map – Risk of Earthquake Damage
Image Bank Gas Shut Off Valve
Image Bank Damaged Building
Image Bank Seismograph Waves of an Earthquake
Foldables Earthquakes and Earth’s Crust Make the following Foldable to help you understand the cause-and-effect relationship between earthquakes and movement in Earth’s crust.
Foldables Fold a sheet of paper in half lengthwise.
Foldables Fold paper down 2.5 cm from the top. (Hint: From the tip of your index finger to your middle knuckle is about 2.5 cm.)
Foldables Open and draw lines along the 2.5 cm fold. Label as shown.
Foldables Read and Write As you read the chapter, write the causes and effects of earthquakes on your Foldable.
Video Clips Click image to view movie.
Reviewing Main Ideas 1 Forces Inside Earth • Plate movements can cause rocks to bend and stretch. Rocks can break if the forces on them are beyond their elastic limit. • Earthquakes are vibrations produced when rocks break along a fault. • Normal faults form when rocks are under tension. Reverse faults form under compression and shearing forces produce strike-slip faults.
Reviewing Main Ideas 2 Features of Earthquakes • Primary waves stretch and compress rock particles. Secondary waves move particles at right angles to the direction of wave travel. • Surface waves move rock particles in a backward, rolling motion and a side-to-side swaying motion.
Reviewing Main Ideas 2 Features of Earthquakes • Earthquake epicenters are located by recording seismic waves. • The boundaries between Earth’s internal layers are determined by observing the speeds and paths of seismic waves.
Reviewing Main Ideas 3 People and Earthquakes • A seismograph measures the magnitude of an earthquake. • The magnitude of an earthquake is related to the energy released by the earthquake.
Chapter Review Question 1 Rocks break when the __________ limit is passed. A. elastic B. seismic C. shear D. tension
Chapter Review Answer The answer is A. Rocks undergo elastic deformation until they pass the elastic limit.
Chapter Review Question 2 __________ waves arrive first at seismograph stations. A. Pressure B. Primary C. Secondary D. Surface
Chapter Review Answer The answer is B. Secondary waves travel more slowly than primary waves and arrive second at seismograph stations.
Chapter Review Question 3 When seismic waves reach a seismograph, which part of the seismograph vibrates? A. drum B. pen C. pendulum D. weight
Chapter Review Answer The answer is A. The pen is stationary and records the movements of the drum.
Chapter Review Question 4 What is the minimum number of seismograph stations needed to determine the epicenter of an earthquake? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
Chapter Review Answer The answer is C. Scientists use the time taken between the arrivals of primary and secondary waves to determine the distance from each seismograph station to the epicenter.
Chapter Review Question 5 What is a reverse fault?
Chapter Review Answer A reverse fault results from compression forces that squeeze rock. Rock above a reverse fault surface is pushed up and over the rock below the fault surface.
Standardized Test Practice Question 1 The point at which energy is first released is called the __________ of an earthquake. A. epicenter B. focus C. origin D. pressure point
Standardized Test Practice Answer The answer is B. The focus is the point at which energy is first released. The epicenter is the point on Earth’s surface directly above the earthquake focus.
Standardized Test Practice Question 2 What type of fault is shown in the diagram? A. compression B. normal C. reverse D. strike-slip
Standardized Test Practice Answer The answer is B. Normal faults can form where tension forces pull rocks apart.
Standardized Test Practice Question 3 What type of earthquake wave does the diagram represent? A. primary B. secondary C. surface D. transverse
